Compare the systematic categories of the Kingdomplants, give examples of these organisms, indicate the peculiarities of their structure ... If you find it difficult to perform such tasks, our article will help to understand this issue.
All organisms inhabiting our planet, scientistsunited in the Kingdom of living nature. Plants, examples of which we will consider in our article, have their own distinctive features. First of all, this is an autotrophic way of feeding. Only plants are capable of producing organic matter and oxygen from water and carbon dioxide in the presence of sunlight. The place where this complex photochemical process, called photosynthesis, occurs is the green organelles of plant cells - chloroplasts.
The characteristic features of the representatives of thisThe kingdom is an attached lifestyle, unlimited growth that lasts throughout life, and the presence of carbohydrate starch as a spare nutrient.
Systematic categories of the Kingdom of plants,examples of which will be considered further by us, are created on the basis of common features of the structure. Initially, they are united into two large groups: the lower and the higher. The body of the first consists of numerous unspecialized cells that do not form tissue, and is called the thallus. And the higher ones have a complex leaf-building structure.
These are the simplest organisms that representThe kingdom of plants. Examples of them are known to all. This is kelp, or sea kale, sorgassum, chlamydomonada, ulotriks, volvox, spirogyra. Among them there are single-, multicellular and colonial organisms. They all live in water. In addition to the thallus, which represents the undifferentiated body of algae, they have rhizoids. These structures partially perform the function of roots, but do not form tissues, which is what distinguishes them. Since the water itself supports the shape of the thallus, the algae lack mechanical tissues.
Plants that form real tissues and organs,are called higher. Their first representatives, who came out of the water on land, are representatives of the disputed. These are mosses, mosses, horsetails and ferns. Instead of rhizoids, some of them have a friable root system that grows in a bundle on an underground modified shoot. They reproduce with the help of cells of asexual reproduction - a dispute. Another characteristic feature is the alternation of generations in their life cycle. More difficultly arranged seed plants, it gave them the opportunity to take a dominant position on the planet.
Reproduction with the help of seeds gives plantsMore chances to survive in adverse environmental conditions. Let's consider their features on the example of coniferous trees. They are representatives of the Department of Gymnosperms. Their characteristic features are the presence of thin leaves of needles and pitching strokes in the trunk. And distinctive - the arrangement of seeds on scales of cones is hollow or open. Hence their name comes. Of course, if you find yourself in conditions of low temperatures or lack of moisture, not all of them will sprout. But, unlike the spores, the seeds are multicellular structures and have spare nutrients - endosperm.
In a more advantageous positionAngiosperms. They form a flower and a fruit in which the seed develops and ripens. This structure serves as additional protection, a source of heat and nutrition. The Department of Angiosperms combines two classes: One- and Dicotyledons. The first have one cotyledon in the embryo, the fibrous root system, simple linear leaves. These include representatives of families of cereals, onions and lilacs. All of them are herbaceous plants due to the absence of cambium - a lateral educational tissue. More diverse and numerous Dicotyledons. In addition to the number of cotyledons, they are distinguished by a root system of the rod type, both complex and simple leaves, the presence of cambium. Among them there are grasses, shrubs and trees. They most widely represent the Kingdom of plants. Examples of the most common are Rosaceae, Cabbage, Nightshade, Astro, Legumes.
The importance of all plant representatives is difficultto overestimate, because they provide all living things with the necessary condition of life - oxygen. Algae are the starting material for the production of biologically active substances, medicines, food additives and paints. Gymnosperms are famous for the presence of phytoncides and valuable wood. Man uses fruits and parts of flowering plants.
Thus, the Kingdom of plants, examples andthe systematic features of which were considered in our article, is distinguished by an accurate hierarchy of development, diversity and plays a crucial role in the life of the planet.
