Важное значение для пополнения всех рек мира play glaciers. 16 million square meters. km - their total area is about 11% of the total land. They contain huge reserves of fresh water. In Russia, a huge number of them, an area of about 60 thousand square meters. km Glaciers of Russia are divided into two types, according to the method of their formation:
There are many classifications of glaciers, including mountain ones. What kind of them can be found in our country?
Mountain glaciers of Russia do not remain the same.square Some are shrinking, others are increasing, there are also those that change their position, moving. What are the largest glaciers in Russia? The list of the 5 largest mountain systems with perennial ice is as follows.
It is the largest mountain storage center.glaciers. In the Russian part of the Caucasus Mountains, i.e. on its northern slope, huge masses are concentrated, with a total area of 1,400 sq. km. This is more than 2000 glaciers. Basically they are small in size, up to 1 square. km in diameter. The largest glacier in Russia is the Elbrus mountain complex in Kabardino-Balkaria, with an area of over 120 square meters. km Another large snow peak in the Caucasus is the summit of the extinct Kazbek volcano. It is here that more than 60% of all the ices of the Caucasus are concentrated. A special feature is their alpine character. The Russian part of the snowy peaks of the Greater Caucasus is located on its northern slope, it is smoother and longer, unlike the South. Here, more than 70% of the ice of the Greater Caucasus. The southern slope is steep and steep, on it 30% of the snows of the Caucasus Mountains. The glaciation of this ridge is important for feeding the rivers that originate here. These are tributaries of the Kuban River - Belaya, Zelenchuk, Laba - and the Terek River - Ardon, Urukh, Baksan. The glaciers of the Caucasus Mountains are retreating and their area is decreasing. Although this decrease is insignificant, the rivers are fed by it. Over the century, the level of the snow line has risen by 70-75 cm. Sometimes there is a short-term onset of ice in some areas.
На втором месте в списке самых больших горных Glaciers in the country are located snow Altai. Here, in the south of Siberia, about 1500 foci, which occupy an area of more than 900 square meters. km The largest glaciations on the Katunsky, South-Chui and North-Chuisky ranges. Large masses are concentrated on Belukha Mountain, where the great Altai Katun River and its tributaries originate. These places have become the most beloved and popular among climbers in the whole of Altai. The Akkem Glacier is located here. Some believe that it has a special energy, and charges it with its visitors. Another snowy peak of Altai is Aktru. The mountain is famous for its colossal temperature difference. In the summer there is unbearable heat, and in winter - severe cold. For this, Aktru is considered a local cold spot. The temperature here drops to minus 62ºС. But even despite such severe climatic conditions, there are many who want to see these glaciers of Russia. Pictures of their landscapes are just fascinating.
The modern glaciation of the peninsula hassignificant scale. The snow masses here are larger than in the Caucasus. They consist of about 450, with a total area of over 900 square meters. km Their main focus is on the Sredinny Ridge and the Klyuchevskaya Group. Glaciers of Russia in Kamchatka have an interesting feature. They are attributed to the so-called caldera, because of the method of education. They are formed in the caldera and craters of volcanoes and hills, which are a huge amount on the peninsula. In Kamchatka, the warm season is short, and the snow that falls on the tops of the hills does not have time to melt. Another feature of Kamchatka snow is their low location. Glaciers descend from the summits to a height of 1600 meters. Of great importance in the life of snow are volcanic eruptions. During the eruption, glaciers actively melt and fill rivers with melt water.
It is also called Koryak Highland.Located in the Far East, the Chukotka Autonomous Region and the Kamchatka Territory are captured. The total number of glaciers here is 1330, and their area is more than 250 square meters. km The Koryak Highland consists of short ridges and ridges, which stretch from the north-east to south-west. The glaciers of Russia in the Far East are elongated, up to 4 km long. They are located very low, far below the snow line, at the level of 700-1000 meters. This is due to climatic conditions and the proximity of the cold sea. Another glacier on the territory of Russia - Mount Icy - its highest point is at the level of 2,562 meters.
Эти ледники России находятся на территории Якутии and Khabarovsk Territory. There are 208 of them, with a total area of over 200 sq. Km. The ridge stretches for 450 km, and its highest point, Mount Haya, is almost 3000 meters high. In addition to mountain glaciers, there are about 800 square meters. km of tyrynov So called a large perennial frost, which is formed when the groundwater freezes.