Возраст – это не только количественное и absolute concept. It still exists as a stage in the process of psychological and physical development. And quite a long one. From birth to death, to be precise. Tens of years, and some - about or more than a hundred. And, accordingly, age categories and periods of life could not fail to form, which in many respects overlap with each other. However, this can be told in more detail.
If we talk about age categories, thenit is necessary to begin from the earliest period. And this, of course, infancy. Which is also divided into certain categories. The first period (neonatal) lasts from the moment of birth to the 1st month. It is determined by weak emotional development - the child is too “generalized” state. And the baby itself requires the constant involvement of parents in every process of his life.
2nd period - from two to three months.It is characterized by a more developed emotional system. It can be noted that the baby already knows how to be upset and smile to familiar people, even to focus on the face.
The next period lasts from 4 to 6 months.The child has a more or less strong emotional and sensory system. He recognizes people who are constantly close to him, distinguishes friends from strangers, knows how to determine the direction from which sounds originate.
In the period from 7 months to 1.5 years at the childformation and learning of motor abilities takes place. When his age exceeds the mark of 2 years, the time of increased motor activity begins. And the child itself goes into another age category.
This is quite a long period.Which is divided into several more. Early childhood (from 1 to 3 years) and preschool age (from 3 to 7). The first category is often called the nursery period. This conditional division, which is associated mainly with the causes of a social nature. The child, who first went through the nursery and then through the kindergarten, does not have any further difficulties with integrating into the new team (class at school).
If we talk about age categories, then thiscell, like schoolchildren, can be considered one of the most difficult psychologically. Since it is during the period of study that the personality of the child is formed and a certain “foundation” is laid, which will play its role in the future.
In addition, children belonging to school agecategories are growing rapidly in all plans. Such processes as ossification of the spine and growth of the skeleton occur, muscle tissue grows, the nervous apparatus of the muscles finishes forming, but the lung tissue increases, the capacity of the lungs and their volume increase. And, of course, the early age categories of children are characterized by functional development of the brain. By the age of 8-9, the child already has a well-established type of higher nervous activity.
It is also necessary to note the attention, talking about age categories. This period is ambiguous. Girls are considered teenagers from 10 to 18 years. Boys - from 12 to 18.
Children of this age are at a turning point.in the development of the body, because there is puberty. The activity of the endocrine system is changing, as is the functionality of the organs. Children begin to grow more intense, there is an increase in body weight. The production of hormones is increasing, which is reflected in psychosocial development. Adolescence ends with puberty. And children move to a different age category.
Here the psychological role plays a big role.aspect, not biological. And opinions diverge. For example, psychologist E. Erickson believes that youth lasts from 13 to 19 years, after which comes youth, which lasts until the age of 35. During this period, the personality begins to “mature”, to realize itself and, as a rule, to enter into a relationship.
А вот если обратиться к классификации АПН СССР, determined in 1965, then adolescence follows adolescence. But for girls, it starts at 16 and ends at 20, and for guys it lasts from 17 to 21.
If we talk about the biological component, thenpeople of this age category there is a final completion of physical development. But only in guys the body still does not reach the strength and strength typical of an adult man. The same goes for girls. The figure of young ladies is clearly different from those of women who have passed through childbirth. And in biological terms, the concept of youth conditionally that is why. An individual may be 19 years old, and, in fact, psychologically, she is considered a girl. But if she gave birth to a child, then her body loses youth. And to call her objectively a woman, and not a girlfriend.
Или, как его ещё принято называть, зрелость.Talking about age categories of people by year, it can not be overlooked. This is believed to be the longest period. Traditionally lasts from 21 to 60 years for men, and from 20 to 55 - for women.
The age table shows that it isdivided into two periods. The first is from 21-20 to 35. It is characterized by stable work of the body. After 35 in average people, a neuroendocrine remodeling begins. The main physiological indicators are slowly but progressively decreasing. Perhaps the emergence of the primary signs of diseases that usually overwhelm older people. But if a person is healthy, leads a correct lifestyle, then all this can be postponed indefinitely. Again, the age categories of people are one thing, but how they manage their health is another. In 20 years, you can look at 35, and vice versa. Some "ladies" and 25 kidneys fail.
Специалистам, изучающим возрастные категории population, managed to find out a lot of interesting and useful data. For example, the mortality rate of people of mature age from malignant tumors over the past 60 years has tripled.
And due to the fact that by the second period of maturitya person more and more often begins to feel tired from a permanent job and the same way of life, various forms of pathology begin to appear. These are injuries (domestic and industrial), tumors, cardiovascular diseases. Largely due to the fact that a person ceases to critically evaluate himself, it seems to him that he is just as young and full of energy as at 25. But if he is 50, then he can no longer do anything the way he does. coped with it about 20 years ago.
And cardiovascular diseases are altogethersad topic. They arise from the fact that constantly accompanies the modern person through life: stress, nervous tension, depression, poor nutrition, lack of physical activity, smoking, alcohol. In addition to this, in the period of middle age, additional mental loads are added, which appear for personal and family reasons.
It includes men and women whoturned 60 and 55, respectively. Signs of aging are growing: the structure of the hair and skin is changing, another gait becomes, the shape of the figure is transformed. The retirement age is accompanied by a decrease in heart mass and its frequency contractions. Blood vessels lose elasticity, a certain amount of blood is also lost. The respiratory system also changes. The thorax due to changes in tendons and ossification of the ribs ceases to be as mobile as before. And the lungs, respectively, can not cope with their task is still "smartly".
But, of course, here, too, it all depends on the physiology.People can look great and feel great both at 65 and at 70. Again, it is lifestyle that matters and how “tired” a person is during its existence. Age categories of people by year is one thing. But the way they feel psychologically is quite another.
This is the last period of life, he stands outconditionally. Lasts usually from 75 to 90-100 years. But it is in our time. In general, age periodization is a strange and ambiguous topic, especially if it concerns people who are “over 35”.
Recall, at least, the end of the XIX century.Then the deep old people, who already had time to retire, were considered people 45-50 years old! And this, in fact, inspires in our time. It turns out that old age is gradually “retreating”, and the duration of young ages therefore increases.
