Pierre de Fermat is one of the greatest scientists inthe history of france. His achievements include the creation of such works as the theory of probabilities and numbers; he is the author of outstanding theorems and the discoverer of a number of mathematical properties. From his very young years, his parents paid great attention to the education of his son and, most likely, this is what influenced the formation of a grandiose mind. Always calm and active, inquisitive and strict, searching and finding - all this is Pierre Fermat. A brief biography will help the reader to find out for himself all the most interesting about this colossal personality of the mathematician.
Pierre was born in France. He is one of the pioneers and creators of number theory, as well as analytic geometry.
For a long time it was said that Pierre Farm wasborn in 1595 in Toulouse, but by the middle of the nineteenth century a record was found in the archives of the city of Beaumont in which it was said that in the summer of 1601 son Pierre was born to the adviser of the city Dominique Fermat and his wife. It is known that Dominic Farm was a very respected person in the city. He was a skin dealer. During his childhood years, Pierre spent next to his parents, and when it came time to get an education, he went to Toulouse - the nearest town with universities. A well-studied law on the university bench gave Pierre the opportunity to work as a lawyer, but the young man decided to transfer to the state. In 1631, Pierre was appointed to the seat of the Counsel of Cass in the Parliament of Toulouse. At this time, Fermat was already married to the daughter of the adviser to the parliament in which he worked. His life was very quiet and peaceful. But thanks to him today, people studying mathematics can get a lot of interesting information for themselves, which is truly invaluable. Even in the school curriculum, attention is actively paid to the theme “Pierre Fermat and his discoveries”.
In his youth, the future mathematician was famous as the finesta connoisseur of history (especially of antiquity), was asked for his help when publishing the classics of Greece. He left comments on the writings of Sinezug, Athenaeum, Polyunus, Frontin, Theon Smyrna, and amended the texts of Sextus Empiric. Many believe that he could easily have left his mark as an eminent Greek philologist.
However, due to the fact that he chose a different path, his grandiose studies of magnitude saw the light. And therefore most people know that Pierre Fermat is a mathematician.
About his work during his lifetime it became mostlyknown through extensive correspondence, which Fermat led with other scientists. The collection of essays, which he tried to compile more than once, was never implemented. Strictly speaking, this is a logical result with such a workload on the main work in court. During the life of Pierre, none of the masses of his writings was published.
One of the first works in the field of mathematics at PierreFarm - the resumption of two lost books-writings of Apollonius called "On the flat places." Pierre sees the colossal merit of science in the introduction of infinitesimally small quantities into the analytical geometry. He made this extremely important step in 1629. Also in the late twenties, Pierre Fermat found ways to find tangents and extrema. And already in 1636, a completely complete description of the method of finding was handed over to Mersenn, and anyone could become familiar with this work.
In the years 1637-38, French mathematician Pierre Farmhe violently argued with a no less outstanding mathematician Rene Descartes. Controversy arose around the "method of finding the minima and maxima." Descartes did not fully understand the method and did not understand him, for this reason he subjected him to unfair criticism. In the summer of 1638, Pierre Ferma sent to Mersenne, for transmission to Descartes, an updated and more detailed account of his method. His letter reflects his restrained nature, because it is written in an extremely dry and calm manner, but at the same time there is a certain amount of irony in it. His letter even contains direct mockery of Descartes' misunderstanding. The farm never entered into meaningless and unrestrained controversy, he constantly adhered to an even and cold tone. It was not a dispute, but rather, the conversation was like a teacher’s communication with a student who did not understand something.
Before Pierre Farm, the ways of finding areas weredesigned by Italian Cavalieri. However, by 1642, Fermat discovered a method for finding areas that are limited to any “parabolas” and “hyperboles”. He managed to prove that the area of almost any unlimited figure may still have a finite value.
One of the very first to start learning tasks oncalculation of arc lengths of curves. He managed to bring the solution to the problem of finding some areas. By calculating the area were reduced all the tasks on the curves. Only one drop remained to introduce a new and more abstract concept of the "integral".
In the future, all the positive outcomes of the methodsthe definition of "areas" was in search of the relationship with the "method of extremes and tangents". There is evidence that Fermat has already seen a clear relationship, but none of his works reflect this point of view.
Unlike most of his associatesbusiness, Pierre de Fermat was the purest mathematician and never tried to explore other branches of science. It is probably for this reason that his most powerful contribution to all mathematics is so deep and great.
Самым главным вкладом Ферма в математику и по сей Day consider the creation of a completely new discipline - numerical theory. A scientist throughout his work activity was interested in arithmetic problems, which he sometimes invented and thought of himself. In the process of finding answers to the questions posed in the tasks, Fermat often discovered something completely new and unique. New algorithms and laws, theorems and properties - all this once formed the basis of the theory of numbers, today known to every student.
So Pierre Farm discoveredpatterns for natural numbers and set them for centuries. The works on natural numbers are called “theorems of arithmetic”. One of them, for example, is the famous “small theorem”. Later she served Euler as a special case for his works. It is also known that it was the work of Pierre Fermat that laid the foundation for the Lagrange theorem on the sum of 4 squares.
Of course, most of the writings of Pierrehis great and mighty theorem stands out. For many years and even decades, it forced the "great brains" of the greatest mathematicians, and even after it was published in 1995, new and very diverse methods of its evidence still flow to the departments with a mathematical bias in many universities in the world.
Although Farm left only a brief statement of theirworks and fragmentary information, it was his discoveries gave impetus to many other outstanding geniuses of mathematics. One of the most prestigious and oldest lyceums in France was named after him - the Lyceum named after Pierre Fermat in Toulouse.
During his active work in the field ofMathematics Farm is moving at a fairly fast pace in the court case. In 1648, Pierre became a member of the Edict Chamber. Such a high position testified to the highest position of the scientist.
In Castres, where Fermat became an edict, he dies atdeparture to the next court session. Death came to mathematics at the age of only 64 years. The eldest son of the scientist undertook to bring the work of his father to people and released a number of his research.
That was Pierre Farm. His biography was rich, and life left its mark on all times.
The works of this giant math are impossibleoverestimate and underestimate, because they laid a solid foundation for many researchers. Pierre Fermat, the photo (portraits) of which are given in the article, had a strong character that all his life helped him achieve his goals.
