In Russian all offers by availabilitygrammatical bases are divided into simple and complex. Simple consists of one grammatical basis (traditionally subject and predicate), and complex ones - a minimum of two.
In turn, complex proposals, depending on the existence of alliances, are divided into union and non-union.
Allied complex sentences, depending onThe nature of the relationship between the simple sentences that form part of them is divided into coherent and subordinate, or sentences with a cohesive connection and subordination.
In the compound sentence between its partsestablished equal in meaning relations: one simple does not depend on the meaning of the other or the third, etc. The connection between simple sentences in the complex is realized in meaning and through the composition unions. In turn, the composition unions are divided into 3 groups - connecting, adversative and separative.
The opposing unions express comparative and oppositional values - one simple sentence is compared in meaning with another simple in the composition of the complex or opposed to it.
SSP with anti-union unions are most often used in artistic and colloquial speech.
To the opposites belong such unions as a, yes (in meaning it is equal to the union), but, however, although, but not others. Each union has its own meaningful connotations of meaning.
The opposing unions a, but express the meaningthe negation of a phenomenon or event in one simple and the assertion of something in the second simple sentence, for example: Since then, it has not been twelve, but the whole nineteen years. This sentence negates the meaning of the first part of the complex sentence and affirms what is said in the second part of the complex sentence. The union, but in some SSBs, has an additional connotation of meaning-concessions or limitations: His jokes were not particularly mind-boggling, but they were nice and funny in their own way. In this regard, the union is but close in meaning to the union though: Through his sad, though sincere laugh, clearly sounded bitterness.
Yes, yes, yes, but they have conversationalstylistic coloring. General anti-motivational values they acquire a tint of restriction. At first glance, the task seemed easy, but did not want to decide. The rain was frequent, but small. The Union, however, emphasizes the importance of substitutions substituted for opposition: The house was small, but warm, bright, cozy.
In some sentences,examples of the so-called adversarial-comparative values: this toy is large, and that is small (juxtaposition of objects); In the morning the snow was deep, and by the evening melted (comparisons of phenomena), Natasha shares toys, and Sveta is greedy (juxtaposing acts), etc.
The union, in addition to the significance of opposition,appears as an amplifying particle, highlighting the first word in the sense of the second simple sentence, after which it is traditionally found: The first leaves have already appeared on the lilac, the old oak tree still has not opened any of its buds.
On the letter, the opposing unions are distinguished by signspunctuation. Commas are put in complex sentences with unions a, but, yes, in meaning: but from childhood to Egor, parents and all those close to him had high hopes, but nothing good came out of him; My sister learned German at home, she began to study French with interest; The coachman was driving horses, but in a hurry he was in a hurry - the hut for a long time was occupied by a traveling officer and his friends.
By their composition, advisers can beboth simple and composite: otherwise, not that, but not that. They are inherent, mainly, conversational speech, give it vitality and emotionality. If we talk about shades of meaning, these unions are used in such proposals, in which the second part deals with the consequences of not fulfilling what is reported in the first sentence: Bunny, do not shout, or the hunters will hear and shoot us!
