The Khans of the Golden Horde were distinguished by a tough stylegovernment and ruthlessness even to the closest people. Despite these well-known facts, the years of Dzhanibek Khan's rule were considered one of the quietest in the Mongolian state, and Dzhanibek himself was a soft person. Let's look at the facts of his biography and check the assessment of the character of the commander and man from the point of view of modern morality.
Хан Золотой Орды Джанибек (татарское имя - Җанибәк) was the third son from the numerous offspring, which was left behind by Uzbek. Like many before him, let him pour his own blood to the throne - he killed two older brothers, Tinibek and Khizra. As you can see, this his act does not characterize the future khan as a kind and law-abiding person. Perhaps, in the future, his character will be softer?
In 1342 he became a khan of the Golden Horde.His goal Janibek saw the strengthening of statehood and the strengthening of centralization. But the methods used by Uzbek Khan seemed to him ineffective - what could be easier than pouring blood on remote uluses? Richer from this you will not. And Khan Dzhanibek chose a different policy.
Он по-прежнему жестоко расправлялся с врагами и I did not believe my friends. But the tactics of the board of Dzhanibek changed radically. The Golden Horde Khan decided to win over religion. With him, mosques and madrassas began to ascend to the sky in all the territory of the Horde. He continued to preach Islam and attract interpreters of Islam and sacred surahs to his office. Such Islamization, fortunately, did not touch the northern ulus and did not have a proper influence on the religion of the inhabitants of the Moscow principality.
Chroniclers call this the Golden Horde khan"The good King Janibek." This emphasizes his complete opposition to his father, who in the annals called "formidable Uzbek Khan". Indeed, the word "formidable" in ancient times meant fierce, ferocious, soulless. When compared to his own father Khan Janibek really seemed kind.
Despite the spread of Islam, the ruler does notprevented the strengthening of Orthodoxy on Russian lands. With it, construction of temples and monasteries was resumed, there were no persecutions against priests and desecration of Orthodox shrines. Therefore, in the church literature, the period of Janibek's rule is characterized with a positive side.
Возможно, в этом проявилась «мягкость» правителя?Alas and ah - it was a simple vision. The Orthodox Church coped well with the role of peacekeeper, and there was no need to change it. In addition, we should not disregard the worldview of a man of the Middle Ages - faith for him was more valuable than life. Do not take their slaves from the slaves - so Dzhanibek reasoned and turned his gaze to the south.
His only trip to the northern lands KhanJanibek undertook in 1347. Villages and villages near the city of Aleksin have suffered. Compared to the avalanche of pogroms and murders, which the Uzbek-Khan campaigns always turned into, Janibek acted much more modest. A small campaign was undertaken to demonstrate their own power, and not for terror. Repressions and pressures were not required - the atrocities and murders that Uzbek Khan and his horde had repaired on Russian soil, and the price of a new disobedience was too high, were too fresh in the memory.
Возможно, единственный поход в пределы русских lands and gave the Moscow chroniclers a reason to give a "soft" description to Khan Janibek. In the face of Moscow and neighboring principalities, Janibek really looked like a soft ruler. But what other peoples will say about him?
In 1357, Janibek embarked on an aggressivecampaign on Azerbaijan. The population of this country was dissatisfied with the domestic politicians of the tyrant Malik-Ashref. The grand campaign ended with the defeat of government troops and the seizure of land. Janibek Khan leaves his son Berdibek the vicar of the new ulus, and he returns to the Horde.
In the hoard found in Azerbaijan, a coin of Khan Janibek was found. This indirectly confirms his long hikes far to the south.
Long absence in the south of the country weakened the reinsvertical rule. In the Golden Horde, fermentation began, which threatened to end in disintegration. But Khan Janibek returns to the Horde unhealthy and does not have the strength to stabilize the situation in the country. In Russian sources there is information about a disease that touched the khan and his mother, Khanshi Taydula. Moscow Metropolitan Alexey arrived on a visit to the Horde and undertook to cure senior patients from an unknown disease. Taidula received the metropolitan and, thanks to his prayers, recovered. Janibek persisted in his faith and did not accept the Metropolitan. He finally died of the disease in 1359. Although other sources claim that he did not pass the bowl of betrayal and was killed by his own son.
Does the rich biography say about the soft characterJanibek? Unfortunately not. He was no better and no worse than other rulers, except that he preferred to replace senseless cruelty with forward-looking political actions. Strengthening the Orthodox Church, a peaceful life without raids (40 years of silence), meant for the Golden Horde Khan to increase the flow of money and strengthen their own power. He achieved the same as his father - just used other methods for this.
