The verb is one of the most important parts of speech.It serves to describe the action, the designation of a certain process, that is, without it there will be absolutely nothing, only a meaningless name for a phenomenon that can not manifest itself in any way, by fixing itself in a certain state. This nominative part of speech is characterized by such permanent morphological features as appearance, recurrence, transitivity and conjugation, while the nonconstant species include gender, person, number, time and inclination. The latter will be discussed in this article. How to determine the mood of a verb in the Russian language, what does it influence, for which it is generally necessary? Let's try to understand and, importantly, remember.
In principle, the inclination of some scientistsdefine as "attitude to reality". Quite an abstract formulation, not particularly explaining the meaning of this morphological feature, is to be confessed. But if you try to understand, everything becomes very clear.
In total there are three inclinations.An incriminating inclination in the Russian language indicates a real action and is used in all three times - it is the most common and, therefore, the easiest to remember. Or the most difficult. The existence of it in three time forms allows you to conjugate verbs in all available ways, because of which you have to memorize a huge number of endings, which is not always so easy.
Imperative inclination in Russian is alsooccurs quite often. It means an order, a request, an instruction-any action that a person must perform not on his own, but at the will of the interlocutor. Verbs in the imperative mood exist only in two forms, which, of course, simplifies the work with them, but at the same time creates certain difficulties for those who are not native speakers of the Russian language and can not intuitively choose the right ending.
Conditional mood in Russian, its morecalled subjunctive, shows the unreal action possible under certain conditions. It is called the simplest: only one form, changing only by birth, to which a particle is added-it is not difficult to determine such an element in the text.
Now, when we have a basic idea of what inclinations are in the Russian language, examples will help us understand the rule better.
So, we continue to consider the imperativeinclination in Russian. As mentioned above, it denotes, based on the name, a command in any of its forms: an order, a request, a polite commission-a semantic hue depends only on intonation, no special features in the formation of the form, depending on the motive that the speaker puts.
Imperative inclination in the Russian language is a rule that has been deposited in our subconscious, we apply it without even thinking. But still understand why this is so, and not otherwise, is necessary.
In order to use verbs inthe imperative mood, first of all you need to determine who you need to turn to. To address a request to the person to whom the speaker refers to "you", the corresponding form of the singular is used. For its formation, it is necessary to subtract the ending from the verb in the indicative mood (read-readYou-read ..., run-runU-run ..., be-budU-bud...) and add one of the two vowels (and or th) or a soft sign (read, run, come on).The benefit of Russian speakers usually intuitively feel which ending to choose, so putting the verb into the second person of an exclusive imperative is usually not difficult.
If we address a person to "you" or if we want to address our request to a group of people, then simply "to" is added to the form of the sole number of an imperative mood (read, run, be) - everything is much easier than it seems at first glance.
But this is Russian - where is it without exceptions? Nobody canceled the verbs in which root vowels and consonants change during conjugation, or even the root completely. For example "eat-eat-eat, go-go-go". Here, unfortunately, the rule is useless, either intuition or a banal subconscious knowledge of the necessary form will help - otherwise.
Imperative mood in the Russian language -the simplest theme, for the mastery of which it is necessary to be able to form the singular form of the second person of this inclination, and, if necessary, simply add to it a "polite" ending.
The use of forms-exceptions is not so frequent,to be a serious difficulty for native speakers. Foreigners, however, will have to try very hard to achieve an understanding of the imperative mood of the verb.
First, you need to take into account the verb: the imperfect species is formed only from imperfective verbs - they answer the question "What should I do?" (open-open-open), whereas the perfect view, respectively, - only from the perfect - with the question "What to do?" (slightly open-slightly open).
Another interesting thing related to the imperfect kind of the verb: the presence of the suffix "va" after the roots "zna-", "yes-", "sta-" (as in words KNOW, GIVE, STEP). Usually, in order to form an imperative mood, the verb is placed in the first person of the singular number corresponding to the pronoun "I" (cognize, give, get up), that is, this suffix disappears, as in all other forms of the verb (learn, give, get). But in the imperative mood the suffix is returned (Cognize, give, get up), this can not be forgotten in any case.
We pass to the subjunctive conditional mood.Here everything is much simpler than even in the imperative. The peculiarity of using this inclination is that the form of the past tense is used for its formation, changing in accordance with the genus and number of the utterance object, that is, in order to say about the subject in the singular, we use the singular forms of the past tense (went, drew), and if we are talking about a group of people or the one to whom we respectfully refer to "you", the plural of the same past time is applied (pointed out, spoke).
The second component of the subjunctive mood is the particles "would" and "b" - their choice depends on the context and is most often conditioned by the euphoniousness of the phrase.
That is, when we want to show the possibility of action under any condition, we take the verb in the appropriate form of the past tense and add the necessary particle to it: would have said, would go, would have laughed.
This form, by the way, is used not only to express an action under a certain condition, but also in the case when we want to express dreams, desires (I would like to dream) and fears, doubts (would not have happened).Probably, it will be more correct to say that all these shades are used in equal measure, therefore the name "conditional mood" used in school textbooks is very conditional (an amusing pun is obtained), it is better to use the term "subjunctive mood".
In principle, the whole theory is outlined above on the simple rule of inclination in the Russian language. The table will help to secure it.
| Mood | How is the | Examples |
| Insignificant | By the rules of conjugation of verbs | Catching up, refusing, I will sing |
| The Subjunctive | The corresponding form of past tense + would be | Would go, would have appeared, would pronounce |
| Imperative | The only number: the personal form of the verb is the ending of + and / d / b Plural: singular + TE | Speak, dry |
For the final fixing of the acquired material, try to put the following verbs in different inclinations.
Insignificant, subjunctive and imperativeinclination is one of those basic rules that does not require special memorization and is applied for the most part automatically, according to the sense of language that each of its carriers has. But at the same time, in no case can you deny the need to study at least the basic theory: without knowledge of the rule you will never be able to understand certain features of the language phenomenon.
In any case, the practice is sometimes much morean effective teacher than a dry theory. A huge plus of this particular case is that we apply this rule every day, so it will not be difficult to assimilate it.
