By quantum mechanics we mean the physicalthe theory of the dynamic behavior of the forms of radiation and matter. This is the theoretical basis on which the modern theory of atomic nuclei, atoms, physical bodies, molecules and elementary particles is constructed. At all, quantum mechanics was created by scientists who sought to understand the structure of the atom. For many years, the legendary physicists studied the features and directions of chemistry and followed the historical time of events.
Such a concept as quantum mechanics, was born for many years.In 1911, scientists N. Bohr and E. Rutherford proposed a nuclear model of the atom, which resembled the Copernican model with its solar system. After all, the solar system had in its center a nucleus around which the elements were rotating. On the basis of this theory, calculations of the physical and chemical properties of certain substances that were constructed from simple atoms began.
One of the important issues in such a theory as quantum mechanics Is the nature of the forces that bound the atom.Thanks to Coulomb's law, E. Rutherford showed that this law is justified on a huge scale. Then it was necessary to determine how electrons move in their orbit. At this point Newton's law helped.
Actually, quantum mechanics often contradicts such concepts as sensiblemeaning. Along with the fact that our common sense acts and shows only such things as can be taken from everyday experience. And, in turn, everyday experience deals only with the phenomena of the macrocosm and large objects, while the material particles at the subatomic and atomic level behave quite differently. For example, in the macrocosm, we are easily able to determine the location of any object with the help of measuring instruments and methods. And if we measure the coordinates of a microparticle of an electron, then it is simply unacceptable to neglect the interaction of the measurement object and the measuring device.
In other words, we can say that quantum mechanics is a physical theory that establishes the laws of motion of various microparticles. From classical mechanics, which describes the movement of microparticles, quantum mechanics has two indicators:
- the probable nature of some physical quantities, for example, the speed and position of the microparticle can not be precisely determined, only the probability of their values can be calculated;
- a discrete change in physical quantities, for example, the energy of a microparticle has only certain certain values.
Quantum mechanics It is still associated with such a concept as quantum cryptography, which is a rapidly developingtechnology that can change the world. Quantum cryptography is aimed at protecting communication and information secrecy. This cryptography is based on certain phenomena of quantum physics and considers such cases when information can be transferred with the help of an object of quantum mechanics. It is here with the help of electrons, photons and other physical means that the process of receiving and sending information is determined. Thanks to quantum cryptography, it is possible to create and design a communication system that can detect eavesdropping.
At the moment, a lot of materials are available, where the study of such a concept as quantum mechanics fundamentals and directions, as well as the activities of quantumcryptography. To acquire knowledge in this difficult theory, it is necessary to thoroughly study and delve into this area. After all, quantum mechanics is not an easy concept, which has been studied and proved by the greatest scientists for many years.
