Philosophical steamer ... but was it?

The names of M. Ilyin, N. Berdyaev, P.Sorokina, S. Bulgakova. All these are Russian people, thinkers and philosophers who have become outcasts of their Motherland. They and many other representatives of the Russian intelligentsia left Russia in the fall of 1922 under duress. Philosophical steamer - such a collective name was given to two ships, departed from Russia to Germany, on board were expelled representatives of the intelligentsia from the country, who did not accept the Bolshevik ideology.

Recently, there have been publications anddocumentary films proving that a philosophical steamer is an invention of the Bolsheviks, that in fact, not so many people were deported. And the main purpose of the hype is to make Western European governments believe that the opponents of the Bolshevik regime have gone to Europe. In fact, there were spies, scouts, who were supposed to prepare the ground for the world revolution, which the Social Democrats of Russia then dreamed of.

Let us turn to the facts.In the early 20-ies in Russia established an authoritarian regime, headed by Lenin. The political life was under full control, loud processes were being conducted against the Socialist-Revolutionaries and Mensheviks, and a single ideological system was being formed. But the cultural and spiritual life seemed to go beyond this single policy. The silver age, marked by a splash in art, philosophical and scientific thought, continued its development by inertia. Intelligentsia, free-thinking, capable of critically assessing communist ideology, posed a danger to the emerging regime. Read the "Dog Heart", you will become much clear about the situation of thinking people of that time.

In this situation, the All-Russia CentralThe Executive Committee adopts the law "On Administrative Expulsion", the logical conclusion of which was the philosophical steamer. The year 1922 was marked by the arrests of intellectuals suspected of counter-revolutionary inclinations, which faced a choice: either a "voluntary" exit, or a prison or even a shooting.

According to the memoirs of Nikolai Berdyaev, it is clear thatprocessing of "voluntary" emigrants was carried out. After spending a week in prison, Berdyaev signed a receipt that he would not return to his homeland. Otherwise he would have been shot. A lot of Nicholas Alexandrovich's satellites went through similar processing.

Throughout Russia, lists of disagreeablenew power. Among them were doctors, agronomists, engineers, artists and philosophers. The latter made a special contribution to the development of world philosophy, sociology, and political science.

In total, the philosophical steamer was taken from Russia by200 of its best representatives. Having traced the life of many, we will understand that they were honest people, far from rich, for most of them emigration was not easy, and until the end of days they remained Russian in spirit. The severe test, which fell to Russia in 1941-1945, did not leave indifferent those expelled from the country. As much as they could, they helped the Motherland and the Soviet Army in the fight against fascism.

The ship, which expelled the emigrants, was named"Philosophical steamer." 1922 for them was the last in Russia. The only exception is the religious philosopher and historian Lev Karsavin. At the end of the 1920s, he moved to Lithuania, which soon turned out to be part of the USSR. In 1950, Lev Platonovich was arrested at the age of 68 on charges of an anti-Soviet conspiracy and sentenced to 10 years in prison. He died in custody.

These are the facts.Perhaps a philosophical steamship and drove a few people who played the role of double agents. However, this does not change the essence of the matter. It is important to understand that the philosophical steamer was the result of the struggle for the management of society, as a result, the best minds of Russia were eliminated.