Rapid development of mankind, rapid andthe constant progress of science and technology requires the formation of a special style of speech, which is best suited for the expression and transfer of scientific knowledge. So one of the main functional variations of literary speech was formed - the scientific style.
This style characterizes the desire for accuracynaming: the terms, unambiguous words, direct meanings of words prevail. In general, the scientific style of speech is used in writing, which leads to the inevitable use of complete structures in sentences.
The language of science fulfills the function of communication; heacts only as a sign language. So, the scientist generalizes his observations with the help of concepts, abstractions and reports information about the subject. The scientific style of speech, being an instrument for creating formulas, concepts and the like, is a burden for speech means that lack individual emotionality, and signs that have scientific-logical attributes and properties, a system of interconnectedness and abstract convention.
However, the scientific style of speech is not limited inimagery - scientists often use comparisons, trying to explain some idea especially intelligibly. Again, in scientific texts there are enough speech elements that express the subjective attitude of the author to the object of speech. However, this does not make imagery and subjectivity essential features of this style.
The main task of the scientific style isextremely clear and precise explanation of the information to the reader. And this is best achieved without attracting emotional means of speech. After all, science turns, first of all, to the mind of man, and not to his feelings.
The main features of the scientific style of speech:
1. Use in scientific and technical works, scientific presentations (lectures, lectures and other).
2. The task of the style is a specific communication of the general basic features of the subject, an explanation of the cause of the phenomena.
3. Characteristic features of the style. The statement usually happens:
- in general, abstract (described by the wolf in general, as a breed),
- emphasized logical (the presence of semantic links and conclusions),
- objective (references, citations, analysis of different points of view),
- Evidence (argumentation, saturation with factual information).
4. Language facilities:
- The words book and neutral are used with an abstract and generalized meaning: mankind, nature; resistance, magnet and so on.
- Scientific terms (among which there are a lot of international words): prefix, equation, electricity, diagram.
-Use of composite unions: due to the fact that, due to the fact that, while others are.
-Use of the verbs of the first person in the plural and the pronoun we (the author's we): compare, draw a conclusion.
- Verbs in the form of a third person of the present tense, which denote a permanent (timeless) action: the penguins live at the South Pole.
- The use of widespread narrative suggestions.
- The predicate is often expressed by a noun or an adjective.
Orally, a neutralintonation, clear, complete utterance of words characterize the scientific style of speech. Examples of this style can be found in textbooks, dictionaries, scientific works, articles and other things:
Thesis is a provision that summarizesthe main ideas of the lecture, the report, the scientific article and other things. The theses should include only the main provisions of the scientific message, which is written in the form of an affirmative judgment or in the form of enumeration of phenomena. Abstracts can be composed of quotations or formulated separately, it is possible to combine citations and reformulated judgments. Specific facts are usually not included in the abstracts. The main qualities of the thesis is its semantic saturation and accessibility for perception.
