The style of speech and text can be colloquial, journalistic, scientific. Each of them has its own characteristics and features. What is the style of the text and how to distinguish one system of speech media from another?
In order to answer the question thatis a style of text, it is worth remembering any phrase from a poetic work, which deals with natural phenomena. And then try to "translate" the content of the poetic passage into the language used by the television announcers, transmitting the weather forecast. The poet will say: "The warm summer rain is falling." Announcer: "Today there are precipitations." In terms of these phrases are identical. By language means, which are used in them, are absolutely different. So, what is the style of the text?
There are several systems of speech facilities. Each of them is used in this or that sphere. This is the style of speech, text.
Concerning the classification among linguiststhere are disagreements. The answer to the question about what is the style of the text is all one. This system, which is inherent in certain language facilities. All styles of text, examples of which are given below, can be divided into two types:
The book, in turn, is divided intoscientific, official-business, journalistic and religious-preaching. Some linguists will also highlight the artistic style, that is, the one used by writers and poets. However, this opinion can be argued. Authors of works of art use the possibilities of language to the full. They are not limited to the means that are inherent in a particular speech system.
Speech styles differ in pronunciation of words, lexico-phraseological composition, morphological means and syntactic constructions.
This speech system performs the function of communication inoral form. Its features are ease, unofficial, expressive. Similar characteristics do not have other styles of speech. Examples of texts in the colloquial style are present in works of art. The writer, striving to reflect life most realistically, includes in the narrative dialogues.
A feature of the colloquial style is alsoavailability of reduced turnover. A person, buying a ticket at the station ticket office, will say the phrase: "One to Petrovsky-Razumovskaya." He will not express his desire in a bookish way. In a journalistic style, this phrase would look like this: "I want to buy one ticket for a train bound for Petrovsko-Razumovskaya station."
In the colloquial style an important role is played by the sound side of speech. Namely - intonation. It is she who gives speech the impression of conversation. The vocabulary of this style includes words of two kinds:
There are also colloquial words, professionalisms, dialectisms, jargon. The spoken speech system is rich in phraseology, which, for example, is rarely found in journalistic texts.
A characteristic feature of this speech system -adherence to literary norms. A lexical feature of the book style is style unity. The reference to speech in a publicistic or scientific text is inadmissible.
What is different from the scientific other book styles of speech? We will give examples of texts using the content of the first stanza of the famous poem by Yesenin “I am tired of living in my native land”.
Features of journalistic style - generalization and abstraction. There is no expressiveness in such texts. Exceptionally impartial statement of facts.
Publicistic texts can perform two functions: informational and influential. The journalist does not set out indifferent events. He is an active member.
And finally, the official business styleserving the legal relations between citizens and the state, is notable for its isolation, stability, and abundance of standard, sometimes curious phrases.
