In this article we will talk about ancient Greece. More precisely, we will try to find the answer to the question of what is a policy in ancient Greece.
In the 8th-9th century BC e. Greece was not the only state, as, for example, the states of the Ancient East during its heyday. Greece was a country of policies.
Полис в Древней Греции - это община граждан, a collective of farmers and herders, who live together and together protect their land. Gradually, the policy was modified, acquiring the features of the state. Its center became a walled city, with a market square - the agora, a temple dedicated to the patron god of the city, various houses and the like. Farmers and shepherds settled around the city. All land suitable for agriculture, land and natural resources were considered the property of the community.
The owner of the land could only be a citizen.All citizens were members of the militia who took up arms during a military threat. People's Assembly owned all the power in the policy. Only citizens of the village had the right to participate in it. There were different types of policies in ancient Greece.
There were dozens of them.Powerful were the policies of ancient Greece. Their names are Athens and Sparta. The richest city was Corinth. Each policy had its own government, army and treasury, minted a coin.
Answering the question about what a policy isAncient Greece, the first state to be considered is Athens. The territory of the Athenian polis occupied the entire peninsula of Attica in central Greece. Athens itself is located in the center of a fertile plain 5 km from the sea.
Gradually the poor members of the community swung open andwere forced to borrow from the rich. On earth borrowers put a debt stone. When they could not repay the debt with interest, they lost the land. Those who took the land for rent left only a sixth of the crop, and the rest was given to the owner of the land. The peasants became poor, became debtors, and later became slaves.
В 8-7-м веке до н. э.A certain part of the demos - merchants, owners of workshops and ships, wealthy peasants - became rich. Now they sought to participate in the management of the policy, but were deprived of this right. It was they who launched and led the struggle of the demos with the aristocracy.
Solon introduced the division of citizens into four categories -the richest, the wealthiest, the middle-income and the poor - depending on the size of their property and income. Citizens of different categories had different rights and fulfilled various duties to the state.
The transformations that Solon made in Athenian society reoriented Athens to the path of democracy.
It has been 20 years since the beginning of the reign of Solon, and inAthens again began distemper. Relative of Solon, commander Peisistratus, in 560 BC. e. seized power and began to rule in Athens alone, by force providing peace and harmony in the Athenian polis. So in Athens was established tyranny.
Tyranny fell shortly after Peisistratus died(since his heirs ruled harshly), and the legislator Cleisthene was elected the first archon. He divided the whole territory of the Athenian state into 10 districts, each of which consisted of three equal parts - coastal, rural and urban. Citizenship is now determined by belonging not to the genus, but to a specific district. Previously, the country's territory was divided by generic basis. With this reform, Klisfen “mixed up” citizens and gave them all the same rights. Thus, the influence of the patrimonial nobility in government was reduced.
All citizens were now considered equal regardless of their property status: even the poor could hold any public office. So, in Athens, power was again in the hands of the people.
A powerful polis in ancient Greece was calledSparta. In the 9th century BC. e. in the Peloponnese peninsula, in the Laconia region, the Dorians established several settlements. Subsequently, they finally conquered the local Achaean tribes. In the 7th c. BC e. The Dorians annexed the neighboring region of Messenia to their dominions. During the two Messenic Wars and formed a public entity, called the Lacedaemon (Sparta).
In the article we are looking for the answer to the question of what policy is in ancient Greece. Therefore, we dwell on the state structure of Sparta.
Граждане Спарты жили по законам, которые, по legend, introduced sage Lycurgus. The leading role in the management of the Spartan state was played by the council of elders. The decision of the council of elders was approved by the national assembly. Participation in it was taken only citizens warriors who have reached 30 years.
Spartans were forbidden to engage in craft,trade, their only occupation was military. Weapons and handicrafts made for them perieki. Spartan allotment was treated sludge. The Spartans could not sell, dismiss or kill the ilot - the ilot family, like the land, belonged to the state.
Analyzing the question of what is a policy in ancient Greece, we will briefly describe the life of the Spartans.
Спартанцы были храбрыми, выносливыми воинами.They wore coarse clothing, lived in identical one-story wooden houses. They had certain forms of hairstyles, beards and mustaches. During construction, it was allowed to use an ax, and only in the manufacture of doors - a saw. From 16 years and until old age the Spartan was obliged to serve in the army. At 30 he was considered an adult and had the right to get a plot of land and marry.
So lived and developed state policy of ancient Greece.
