History of medicine - from philosophy to biology

Human health is a very fragile componentlife. Since ancient times, people have sought to strengthen health and learn how to deal with various ailments that arose from infections, viruses or the banal old age of the body.

The history of medicine began simply and primitively:primitive witchcrafts were a mixture of witchcraft and magic with the wisdom of the people. All the achievements of the ancient healers were considered the mercy of the all-powerful gods or were written off to the "super-capacity" of the healers themselves. However, the modern history of medicine has adopted many medicines and techniques that were discovered by scientists of ancient Egypt, Rome and Greece.

Historians believe that medicine as a sciencewas formed in ancient Egypt, and from there spread to other civilizations developed at that time. The medicine of Ancient Greece was founded by a native of Egypt - Aesculapius. At that time, the processes occurring in the human body, tried to explain the philosophers. As a result, interest has arisen in the structure of the human body, in its study. In ancient Greece, they began to make autopsies. The knowledge has accumulated so much that it became possible to open medical schools and create some semblance of hospitals in the territories of temples. During this period, such areas of medicine as obstetrics, traumatology, surgery and dentistry were brought to a high level. All this knowledge passed to Alexandria after the fall of Greece and continued its development.

Such a belligerent empire as Rome could notdo without medicine. Particular attention was paid to surgery, since soldiers were often injured on the battlefield, which required surgical intervention. The medicine of Ancient Rome took for the basis of its knowledge the achievements of Greece and Alexandria.

Of course, the development of medicine has left its mark andin other ancient civilizations, for example, in Japan, Tibet, India and China. In these regions, the history of medicine had much in common. For example, there for a long time there was no practice of autopsy, and therefore knowledge about the structure of the internal organs of man remained very vague, and the idea of ​​this - fantastic. But, despite this, the diagnosis of the disease was at the highest for that time level. For example, for the recognition of diseases, healers used the method of calculating the pulse in various parts of the human body. They also had an idea of ​​hygiene and ways of penetrating infections. For treatment, vegetable or animal products were used.

Even at the stage of sorcery and magic, medicine was divided into two main areas: surgery and therapy. And then there were other, more subtle, branches and specializations.

In the Middle Ages, because of ideologyCatholic Christianity, medicine remained at the level of Ancient Rome and Greece. The illnesses were then explained as "the punishment of the Lord," and doctors were associated with diseases and evil spirits, and sometimes called sorcerers and transferred to the hands of the Inquisition. The history of medicine was in stagnation.

Interest in this science appeared again only in the late Middle Ages. Anatomical theaters and outstanding scientists in this field began to appear.

Since then, medicine has changed, and today it is also continuing its development. There are fewer and fewer diseases that would not be subject to modern science.