The Cuban revolution is a long-lastingarmed struggle for power, which began on July 26, 1953, and ended in early January 1959 complete victory of the rebels. This event led to a change in the state system and completely reversed the entire future history of the country.
The Cuban Revolution Causes
The main problems of the state remained the same by the middle of the 20th century:
- monoculture of agriculture - the basis of the industry was sugar cane;
- widespread distribution of latifundia - huge private landed estates, which specialized exclusively in export and widely used forced wage labor;
- the dependence of the economy as a whole on US capital.
In early March 1952, a coup d'état occurred in the country, resulting in the establishment of a military-police dictatorship led by Fulgencio Batista.
The new government was distinguished by a highcorruption, political repression began in Cuba, and the economic course led to a sharp decline in real incomes of the population. There was growing discontent in the society, which splashed out in the form of another attempt at a coup d'état. The young lawyer and political figure Fidel Castro Ruz led the revolutionaries.
History of the Revolution
The rebel group, led by Fidel Castro 26July 1953, attempted to storm the fortified barracks, the fortress of Moncada in Santiago. They counted on the support of the masses, because among the population discontent with the current regime was enormous. However, this did not happen, and the detachment of revolutionaries fought independently for two hours, suffering a crushing defeat.
Most of the rebels were killed, and the restseized and brought to trial. Fidel Castro defended himself at the trial, as he was a lawyer. There he said the famous words: "History will justify me."
Все подсудимые получили значительные сроки the conclusion is from 10 to 15 years. But the public was on the side of the rebels, which forced Batista to soon sign an amnesty order. The Castro brothers immediately emigrated to neighboring Mexico immediately after leaving prison to create the rebel organization M-26 (The July 26 Movement). There Fidel Castro was able to meet with the famous revolutionary Che Guevarra, who immediately joined the ranks of the M-26.
In early December 1956, to the coast of the provinceThe yacht Granma swam with the orienne, from which 82 armed rebels landed. The Cuban revolution from the preparation stage went to the stage of active combat operations. Landing troops immediately noticed the government troops, and it was almost completely destroyed. According to various sources, 11 to 22 people survived from this detachment.
Despite the next failure, the revolutionaries and notthought to give up. It was decided to go deep into the country, go to rural areas. There, the rebels won the confidence of the inhabitants, recruited them into their ranks. In the cities, too, active work was conducted in the student environment. Pointed armed demonstrations were organized.
By that time the regime of Batista had received disapproval not only in his country, but also in the United States, Cuba's main economic and military partner. This circumstance played into the hands of the revolutionaries.
In the summer of 1958, the Cuban revolutionstage of the offensive. By the autumn the rebels took control of the province of Las Villas and Oriente, and on the first day of the new 1959 their troops entered Santiago victoriously. Simultaneously with these events, Che Guevara's troops captured the city of Santa Clara.
Batista decided to flee the country, and histhe government actually resigned. On January 2, the revolutionaries occupied Havana, the capital of Cuba. A few days later, on January 6, Fidel Castro arrived triumphantly to assume the fullness of the new power.
History of Cuba after the revolution
In the country, radical changes began immediately. The former armed forces were replaced by the Insurgent Army, and the People's Militia took the place of the police.
In May 1959, an agrarian reform was carried out,as a result of which the latifundia were abolished, and the land was taken over by the peasants and the state. Later, in 1963 large peasant farms were also liquidated, and in the sugar sector co-operation began.
In the same year of 1959, banks and large enterprises became state property, and in 1960 the same fate befell American firms.
Since 1961, a nationwide campaign to eradicate illiteracy of the population has unfolded.
The established regime was very far from democracy. The media became completely under surveillance, the people of the country began to be carefully checked by the committees for the defense of the revolution.
Religious organizations, including numerous Catholic churches, lost all their property, the priests for the most part were expelled from the country.
Relations with the United States after the revolution significantlydeteriorated, and Castro decided to actively draw closer to countries from the communist camp - especially with the USSR. In February 1960, the first agreement was signed on Cuba receiving Soviet aid.
The Cuban revolution led to the country completely changing its political system, and at the end of the spring of 1961 officially declared itself a socialist state.
