Such a branch of physics as mechanics is concerned withthe study of the interaction and motion of bodies. The main property of motion is movement in space. But the movement for different observers will be different - this is the relativity of mechanical motion. Standing on the side of the road and watching the moving car, we see that he is either approaching us, or being removed, depending on the direction of movement.
Observing the movement of the machine, we determine howthe distance between the observer and the car changes. At the same time, if we sit in the car and the other car moves with the same speed, then the front car will be perceived as standing in place, because the distance between the machines does not change. From the point of view of the observer standing on the roadside, the car is moving, from the point of view of the passenger - the car is stationary.
From this it follows that every observermovement is assessed in its own way, i.e. the relativity of the mechanical motion is determined by the point from which the observation is made. Therefore, to accurately determine the motion of the body, it is necessary to select a point (body) from which the motion will be estimated. Here the thought arises involuntarily that such an approach to studying motion makes it difficult to understand it. So you want to find some point, from which the movement would be "absolute", and not relative.
Studying the relativity of motion, physics and physicstried to find a solution to this problem. Scientists, using such concepts as "rectilinear uniform motion" and "speed of moving the body," tried to determine how this body will move relative to observers who have different speeds. As a result, it was found that the result of observation depends on the ratio of the velocities of the body and observers relative to each other. If the speed of the body is greater, then it is removed, if less, then approaches.
For all calculations, formulasclassical mechanics, linking speed, distance traveled and time with uniform motion. The next suggestion is that the relativity of mechanical motion is a concept that implies the same time flow for each observer. The formulas obtained by the scientists are called the Galilean transformations. He was the first in classical mechanics to formulate the concept of the relativity of motion.
The physical meaning of the Galilean transformationsExtremely deep. According to classical mechanics, its formulas operate not only on the Earth, but also throughout the Universe. The next conclusion from this is that space is the same (uniformly) everywhere. And once the motion is the same in all directions, then space has isotropy properties, i.e. its properties are the same in all directions.
Thus, it turns out that of the simplestmechanical phenomena, rectilinear uniform motion and the concept of the relativity of mechanical motion, an extremely important conclusion (or hypothesis) follows: the concept of "time" is one for all, i.e. it is universal. It also follows from this that the space is isotropic and homogeneous, and Galileo's transformations are valid throughout the universe.
Here are some unusual conclusions obtainedfrom observation from the curb for passing cars, as well as from attempts using formulas of classical mechanics, linking speed, path and time to find explanations for what they saw. The simple concept of the "relativity of mechanical motion", it turns out, can lead to global conclusions affecting the basics of understanding the universe.
The material concerns questions of classical physics. Questions related to the relativity of mechanical motion and the conclusions following from this concept are considered.
