Если вы начинаете изучать английский язык, то one day you will certainly meet the need to use numerals. For example, when you want to tell your age or name the date of birth. Then, as the vocabulary expands, you will have all the new reasons to use numbers, dates, quantity names and other numbers in English. In this article, you will learn a few important concepts, get acquainted with the logic of the formation of words denoting numbers, and learn what exercises can be used by foreign language learners to better understand this issue and learn how to count in English without thinking.
Since this topic is very relevant for students of a foreign language, it makes sense to first understand how the carriers of another culture are performing.
Just numbers - Numbers, and numerals in English are called Numerals. The latter, as in the Russian language, are divided into two large groups.
The first answers the question: "How many?" ("How many?"). In this case, we find out the number of objects, phenomena or people.
The second group answers the question: "Which?"(" What? "," Which? "). Here the goal is to find out the sequence number or the position in which the object (phenomenon, person) is in relation to the others.
With these two questions and educatednumbers and ordinal numbers in English. Now we will understand, in what situations they are used, and also we will find out the ways that help them to remember better.
There is a general scheme of special educationwords for the account. If you don’t know it, then the numerals in English may seem incredibly complex and confusing. In fact, the scheme is simple and is based on a dozen words that are not worth learning.
Currently, with ubiquitous studyEnglish, they are known even to preschoolers. But in these simple numbers is the whole basis of the account. If you firmly learn their pronunciation and spelling, then the further digital series will no longer seem something incomprehensible and difficult to remember. Having understood the general principle, you will easily master the whole system. Here are the ordinal numbers in English from 0 to 10:
Do not be lazy and pay attention to the solid memorization of both oral and written form of words. This will help you navigate the numerical series in the future.
We continue to dive into the world of quantitativenumerals. In the interval from 11 to 19, they are formed according to a single scheme. There are only two exceptions that need to be firmly learned, just as you did with numbers from 0 to 10. Remember:
Next comes the general principle: the suffix -teen is attached to the basis of the cardinal numbers from 3-9. The result is:
Note that the pronunciation of the numbers 13 and 15 is significantly different from 3 and 5.
Now it's time to learn how to form,numerals are pronounced and written in English up to 100. In the formation of words denoting dozens, the general scheme also applies. It consists in adding the -ty suffix to the basics you already know:
And the ordinal number “hundred” - hundred is separately allocated. Pay attention to the special spelling of the number 40.
Теперь будем учиться считать последовательно, using dozens and units. The principle is simple: two words come together. In the beginning there is one that denotes the number of tens, followed by a figure expressing the number of units. Such a composite number is written with a hyphen. Examples:
Отдельно необходимо рассказать про количественные numerals in English containing the words "one hundred", "one thousand" and "one million". In this case, the same system of combining several numerals operates. You can add the conjunction "and" (and), which is usually done in British English. The American version of the language does not use the union in this case. Examples:
Having understood and mastered the general principle, you can easily read even long and complex numbers.
After some practice you will not be difficultcall in a foreign language any number or number of items. Having thoroughly practiced on cardinal numbers, you can proceed to the development of ordinal numbers.
They are special words,denoting the order of items in the account. It is not difficult to form most of them; it is enough to add the suffix -th to the corresponding cardinal number. If the number is compound (twenty-three, one hundred fifty, etc.), then the suffix is added to the last word. In addition, before the ordinal numbers usually put the definite article the. The easiest way to understand this is with examples:
Используя порядковые числительные на английском, It is necessary to remember a few exceptions to the rules. They have developed in the language historically and now are stable forms that you just need to memorize:
In the last two cases, attention should be paid mainly to the written form of the numeral, and not oral.
Числовое обозначение года может составлять some difficulty for those who do not know how to read it correctly. A common mistake made by many beginners in learning a foreign language is trying to read the date as it is. In fact, it is necessary to break a four-digit number into two two-digit numbers and pronounce them separately.
For example, 1856 reads very simply: eighteen fifty six (eighteen to fifty six). Another example: 1612 is read as sixteen twelve (sixteen - twelve).
The task is a little more complicated with dates like 1902, 1508, etc. In these cases, it’s done like this: zero is spoken not as zero, but as the letter o [əu].
Dates that mark the beginning of a century are read in a peculiar way. In such cases, the word “hundred” (hundred) is used. Examples:
If you want to name the year represented by a three-digit number, follow this pattern:
In this case, a simple rule applies: call the exact number you see.
If your date refers to the tenth century, then use the words "one hundred" (one hundred):
Since humanity has long crossed the line between the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, the dates containing the words "two thousand" are used in the speech of people more and more often. For example:
In recent years, a new trend. Dates, starting from 2010, can be read in both ways: with the words “two thousand” or classically, with a breakdown into two two-digit numbers. For example:
When reading fractions a separate system is used. It is not particularly difficult if you carefully understand it.
Ordinary fractions are pronounced as follows: the numerator as a numeral, and the denominator - as ordinal. For example:
Separately allocated special words fordenominator: “half” (half), “third” (third) and “quarter” (quarter). The latter concept is synonymous with the word fourth and applies equally with it. Examples:
In cases where the numerator is greater than one, the ending of the plural -s is added to the denominator. For example:
If a fractional numeral has an integer part, it must be called separately, not forgetting the conjunction "and" (and):
When recording decimal fractions, the point is used instead of the usual comma in Russian:
In this case, in the British version of English, it is customary to pronounce a complex number one digit at a time, like this: 5.293 - five point two nine three.
To successfully master this topic, you need toperform exercises on numerals. English, like any other language, cannot be learned by simply reading the theory. Constantly apply the knowledge gained in practice, so they quickly and firmly learn.
Today you can find a lot of oral and writtentasks, as well as interactive tests, where the element is missing in the proposal and it is proposed to choose from the available answer options. Such exercises are effective, but in large numbers cause boredom. Diversify your training by including game exercises (English). There are a lot of games on numerals. For example, you can find a partner who will throw the ball to you, calling the numeral in Russian, and you must answer in English. Further, the game can be complicated to the phrases: "fifty six trees", "half a pie", etc.
It is interesting to play numerical bingo.Players draw a square with six cells, in each they write one number (it is better to agree in advance on the digital interval within which the game is played). Then the presenter calls arbitrary numerals in English. If in the square one of the players has such a figure, then it is crossed out. The winner is the one who first lead guessed all the numbers.
"English numerals" is a simple topic that can even become fascinating if you study it creatively and with elements of the game.
