The geopolitical position of the state reflects its place on the political world map. In addition, the term implies the attitude of a power to different countries or groups of countries.
Первая в истории человечества глобальная geopolitical rearrangement ended with the defeat of the Austrian-German bloc, the signing of the Treaty of Saint-Germain and Versailles in 1919 and the formation of the Versailles-Washington system. As a result, the defeated states collapsed, new powers began to form, the redistribution of colonies and the formation of new political alliances began.
The status of great states was confirmed by England,America and France. However, the USA strengthened its geopolitical position most of the time, becoming rich at that time on military supplies. At that time, America’s influence was very significant.
Russia's geopolitical position significantlyworsened after the USSR ceased to exist. The Soviet Union had borders with twelve countries by land. After the collapse of the USSR, new borders were formed between Russia and the former republics, some of which gained new status - “landlocked countries of the world” (for example, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan and others). Today, almost all subjects of the Russian Federation are borderline. Two subjects border on three countries. For example, the Pskov region has borders with Estonia, Belarus and Latvia.
The geopolitical position of the Russian Federation significantlydeteriorated due to the elimination of the political bloc consisting of the Warsaw Pact member countries and the CMEA (Council for Mutual Economic Assistance). A number of former socialist republics have already been accepted into NATO and the EEC. As a result of the transformations, the geopolitical position of the Russian state is now practically at the same level as during the reign of Ivan the Terrible.
After the collapse of the USSR, Russia did not become comfortableaccess to the sea, well-equipped Baltic (Riga, Tallinn, Ventspils, Klaipeda) and Black Sea (Odessa, Sevastopol, Nikolaev, Ilyichevsk) ports. In addition, the country has lost many naval bases.
Territorial losses led to the loss of partresource potential. At the same time, Russia also lost its powerful fixed assets in the form of military bases, factories, sanatoriums, resorts and other institutions of all-union subordination. To compensate for these losses, it was necessary to form the production base again.
According to many researchers, the groupleading states, like a hundred years ago, remains quite limited and has almost unchanged composition. Perhaps the only change, experts believe, is the replacement of Austria-Hungary by Canada and China.
The position of the leading countries today, due todynamics and indicators of changes in their geopolitical potentials and statuses, is considered as part of the global geopolitical configuration, in the form of geopolitical rotation. Important characteristics in this matter are the rotational vector and speed, increasing in the war period. As a general trend of changes in the geopolitical situation, researchers note a permanent growth of potentials in almost all leading states with their gradual degradation in the Third World countries. Thus, the leading countries, together with a relatively small number of the so-called “new industrial powers”, are increasingly breaking away from the rest of the group.
Many experts say that the greatestthe concentration of leading countries is noted in the regions of North America, Western Europe, and Central Eurasia. The three countries occupying these territories (Russia, USA and Germany) throughout the twentieth century exerted a powerful influence on the dynamics and character of the global geopolitical configuration.
