Вне зависимости от того, что создает человек, whether it is an ad, a picture or a page on the Internet, this should please the eye. Therefore, almost all designers, illustrators and some artists use different schemes of color matching.
For a long time man tried to understand naturecolor, theories were many. Practically all spheres of science were engaged in this question: optics, art criticism, culturology, psychology and others. In particular, it is because of this that coloristics could not be formed as a separate science.
A new stage of development began when Isaac NewtonSeven primary colors were selected, taking as a basis the spectrum of white light. Until now, this phrase is known: "Every hunter wants to know where the pheasant is sitting". But the great scientist closed the chain and added purple to it, considering it a mixture of red and purple. From this moment, it became possible to compose the most famous color circle scheme. Although the very first circle was drawn by Goethe, who was interested in painting the surrounding objects. The first symmetrical color wheel was created by Kastel, it consisted of 6 sectors (now called the Goethe circle). The great German poet belongs to the first in the history of work on coloristics - "Theory of color." Over time, improving, the circle has come to a form in which it can be found almost everywhere.
This twelve-part circle, which is obtained fromthree main, three secondary and six tertiary colors. The second triple is obtained by mixing pairs of yellow, red and blue colors, and tertiary, respectively, when mixing primary and secondary. It was invented, as the name suggests, by Johansen Itten - a Swiss artist and teacher. He made a great contribution to understanding the nature and perception of color and its shades. Until now, the scheme he invented is considered to be classical and is still used by designers and artists all over the world.
A more modern version is presented in the form of a spectrum. In the image shown by Oswald
palette can be divided into three main colors.It is on them that the current additive color model RGB (Red, Green, Blue), that is, red, green and blue, is based. As it was proved, these colors are perceived directly by our eye, all other shades are obtained by mixing these three. Of course, on this scheme there is neither black nor white. They have no place in the spectrum, they are considered as extreme points of saturation.
It's no secret that the human eye is able todistinguish up to 150 shades. However, thanks to the training, the artists this number increases to 350-400. Many people working in areas where you have to deal with color, do not have an innate intuitive sense, so they are rescued by the circle of Itten. Now it is available, you can print it on a printer or buy it at a specialized store, but from time to time, for training, it's better to draw it with your own hand. It may not work out right away, but it is necessary for proper perception, because it is very difficult to get the right shade from the first time. For example, the green should turn out to be green, and not yellowish or bluish.
To create harmonious combinations, you need toto study not one rule of the color wheel. Understanding the principle of work, you will be all on the shoulder. Whether you are making clothes or drawing pictures, or, perhaps, you are an interior designer, sooner or later you will have to face color.
They are also called complementary or contrasting.On the circle of Itten they are located opposite each other. Their combinations look quite energetic, although it is believed that they are too harsh, in nature you can find more than one example of their harmonious unity. Do not look wonderful red roses in a frame of green leaves or strawberries on the garden? Such combinations are used in cases where something needs to be highlighted or emphasized. But they are absolutely not suitable for text compositions.
There are three types - classical, analog andContrastive. The first is formed by colors, located at an equal distance from each other on the circle of Itten. For example, purple, green and orange. Each is located across three sectors from the other. The combination looks life-affirming and positive, even if one takes unsaturated shades. But in order to achieve the greatest harmony of colors, choose one main one, and two others use as auxiliary ones. But the analog triad looks harmonious in any case, since the three colors are arranged on the circle in sequence. The composition of such a triad does not irritate the look and looks comfortable.
Четыре цвета, каждая пара которых является contrast, constitute a rectangular pattern. It gives the largest number of variations. The composition will look better if you choose one color as the main color and use the rest as an additional or auxiliary one. The second scheme is square, it also consists of four colors. If you look at the color wheel, they will be equally removed from each other. This combination looks brighter, so here it is also preferable to choose one main shade.
Now you know all the basic rules, but it is worthnote that if you follow only the rules, then you can achieve a little. People working with color should have creative flair and taste. The color wheel is only an assistant, the rest depends on fantasy, you can not be content with just a formal approach.
