The explosion is extremely fastthe process of converting an explosive into a highly heated and compressed gas that, with the same rapid expansion, performs mechanical work of moving, crushing, ejecting and destroying.
Explosives are chemical compounds and mixtures that, under a certain form of external action, begin to actively release heat and form heated gases in a large volume.
Explosions in general are similar to burning coal, firewood andother common flammable substances. The difference is only in the burning speed - in the explosion it takes place in a fraction of a second. From here one can deduce two basic types of transformation of explosions:
To start the process of explosion, it is necessary to carry out an external action on the explosive compound. There are several main ways to influence:
Classification of explosives by sensitivity
Initiate - have a high sensitivity and have a detonating effect. Similar substances for safety are placed in isolated devices - a primer, a fuse, a detonator cap.
Brisant - serve for mines, shells, bombs, missiles, etc.Divided according to the power for explosives of high power (hexogen, tetryl), normal power (melinite, TNT, plastic) and reduced power (ammonium nitrate and various mixtures thereof).
Substances of increased power are often used inMix with phlegmatizers, which reduce their sensitivity to external influences. They can also be used in combination with other substances to increase the explosive power or as an intermediate detonator.
Throwing - these are different types of gunpowder, pyrotechnic mixtures, illuminating shells, mines, air bombs, signal rockets.
All explosive substances are characterized bydetonation velocity, heat of explosive transformation, sensitivity, chemical stability, fugacity, breeziness, density, duration of working capacity, normal aggregate state.
The most basic properties in this case - brizantnost and fugasnost.
Brisance is the ability to crush and destroysubjects. Brisance depends on how quickly gases form during an explosion. The higher this property, the better the explosives are suitable for mines, shells, bombs, since during the explosion the shell of the projectile will be crushed qualitatively, and the fragments will get the highest velocity and shock wave. The speed of detonation is also directly related to breeziness.
Fugacity is an indicator of the ability to destroy andthrow objects from a given area of the explosion. In fact, this is the working capacity of the explosive. The amount of gas that is released during the explosion and determines the amount of fugacity.
Different explosives are used for differentneeds. For work in mines and excavations, crushing ice in rivers and oceans, substances with maximum fugacity are necessary, and brisance can be any. For example, it can be ammonite. For the production of shells, on the contrary, they use substances with high breeziness and relatively low fugacity - such as plastids.
