The whole history of education and trainingCountdown from the beginning of the development of civilization on our planet. Practically in all ancient civilizations, the beginning of the education and the appearance of schools gave rise to writing. Formation of the education system can be considered on the example of the history of the school in ancient Egypt. Even in the period of the Old Kingdom, the first schools began to appear at the palace of the pharaoh. They were created for training builders, architects, doctors and officials, they approached the training very seriously and, as a rule, ordinary people did not get there.
With the further development of the state, historythe emergence of schools has its own continuation, schools have appeared at the temples. Here they taught the letter, this profession was in great demand in those days. Later, at large state institutions, schools appeared, where mostly boys aged from 7 to 16 were trained. The main subjects for teaching were a letter, a letter and an account. For writing, the students used a thin reed stick and black paint, and a new line was started with red paint. Hence the name "red line". Their training in the letter the children made on polished limestone plates, as writing on papyrus was too expensive. The records were made in a ruler or in a cage, depending on the subject of instruction. The history of the school has so far retained the notebooks in a line and in a cage.
If the student has already mastered the skillsletters, he was allowed to write on a small scroll of papyrus. For writing, texts were selected specifically, the content of which helped to further train future specialists (these were instructions, hymns and religious texts). The history of the school in ancient Egypt says that in those days much attention was paid to the creation of libraries, ancient texts were collected and stored in them. When archaeological excavations found notebooks with the solution of various practical problems, for example, the calculation of the number of workers for construction work, the determination of the required area of crops, and others. Future officials in Egypt were given tasks for memorizing religious texts, at higher levels of education, practical sciences were intensively studied.
The history of the school in Egypt shows thatexcept for the basic subjects, the students were engaged in swimming, gymnastic exercises, studied good manners. The higher nobility gave their children to military schools. Pupils in schools at the temples studied astronomy and medicine, but special attention was paid to religious education. Such a path of development, as the history of the emergence of schools shows, was trained in other ancient civilizations. There are many facts that testify to the activities with students in the Babylonian civilization, in ancient India and China, as well as in the civilization of the Maya and Aztec Indians.
The history of the school continuedancient Rome and Greece. Then the school did not look modern at all. A single student came to the teacher, and there were no school buildings. Later, Greek philosophers and speakers began to take on the training of several students to lecture them on various clever things. By the way, the word "school" is translated from Greek as "leisure". It is interesting, is not it? The well-known philosopher Plato created his small school, which he called the academy. So with the passage of time the history of the school passed and it finally became as we now know it. In ancient Russia, the word "school" began to be used, beginning with the XIV century, although already in the XI century there was a school at the palace of Prince Vladimir in Kiev, and in 1030 Yaroslav the Wise founded a school in Novgorod. Ancient seven free arts were included in the education system: three basic (grammar, dialectic and rhetoric) and auxiliary (arithmetic and geometry, astronomy and music). At first, the teaching was conducted by Byzantine, and then by native scientists.
