In this paper, we propose as detailed a subject of modeling in computer science as possible. This section is of great importance for the training of future specialists in the field of information technology.
To solve any problem (production or scientific) computer science uses the following chain:
an object | model | algorithm | program | result | real object |
It is worth paying special attention to the concept"model". Without this link, the solution of the problem will not be possible. Why is the model used and what does this term mean? We will discuss this in the next section.
Informatics modeling is the compilationimage of any real-life object that reflects all the essential features and properties. A model for solving the problem is necessary, since it is, in fact, used in the solution process.
In the school course of computer science, the topic of modeling begins to be studied in the sixth grade. At the very beginning, children should be introduced to the concept of a model. What it is?
The model is a very broad concept, as it has already become clear from the above. It is important to note that all models are usually divided into groups:
Under the material model understand the subject, based on a real object. It can be any body or process. This group is divided into two types:
Such a classification is conditional, because it is very difficult to draw a clear boundary between these two subspecies.
The ideal model is even harder to characterize. She is associated with:
It may include works of art (theater, painting, literature, and so on).
Modeling in computer science is a very important stage, as it has a lot of goals. Now we offer to meet them.
В первую очередь моделирование помогает познать the world around us. From time immemorial, people accumulated their knowledge and passed them on to their descendants. Thus, a model of our planet (globe) appeared.
In past centuries, modeling of non-existent objects was carried out, which are now firmly entrenched in our life (umbrella, mill, and so on). Currently mozhelirovanie aimed at:
We mentioned in the article what is modeling in computer science. This process has some tasks that we will discuss in this section.
What is the task in modeling?Suppose that we have a problem; to solve it, we need to solve a number of problems. That is, a task is a problem that needs to be addressed. It is important to note that all tasks can be divided into two large groups.
Kind of tasks | Explanation |
Straight lines | These tasks pose the following question:"What will happen if we choose this particular solution from the possible set?" In this case, it is worth paying attention to the fact that the direct task gives us the initial data, specific conditions. |
Inverse | Inverse problems pose slightly different questions: "How to maximize the performance criterion? Which solution from the possible satisfies this condition?" |
What are the modeling methods?Computer science uses only two methods - informational and mathematical. But it is important to mention another type of model - verbal. About him, we now talk a little more.
Verbal model is categorized as ideal or abstract. This description with letters, words, sentences. These models include:
What other types of models are studied in computer science?Information modeling and mathematical (algorithmic) are usually divided. Although, as mentioned earlier, the boundaries between the verbal, mathematical and information models are very conditional.
In simple terms, mathThe model describes any situation from a mathematical point of view. Without noticing for ourselves, we do daily mathematical modeling. For example: mother sends her child for bread and milk. She knows how much these products cost in a store located near the house. Now you need to count how much money to give the child. Suppose milk costs 75 rubles and 50 kopecks, and bread costs 30 rubles 20 kopecks. The entire purchase will cost 105 rubles, 70 kopecks (75.5 + 30.2). This is an example of a mathematical model.
Now let's talk about another type of model,studied in the school course of computer science. Computer modeling, which must be mastered by every future IT specialist, includes the process of implementing an information model using computer tools. But what is this information model?
It is a list of information about any object. What this model describes, and what useful information carries:
What can serve as an information model:
Distinctive feature of the information modelis that it can not be touched, tasted and so on. It is not material embodiment, as presented in the form of information.
What class of school curriculum is studiedmodeling? Computer science grade 9 introduces students to this topic in more detail. It is in this class that the child will learn about the systems modeling approach. We offer to talk about this a little more.
Let's start with the concept of "system".This is a group of interrelated elements that work together to accomplish the task. To build a model, they often use a systematic approach, since an object is considered as a system functioning in a certain environment. If any complex object is modeled, then the system is usually divided into smaller parts - subsystems.
Now we look at the purpose of modeling(computer science grade 11). Earlier it was said that all models are divided into some types and classes, but the boundaries between them are conditional. There are several signs by which it is customary to classify models: goal, field of knowledge, time factor, way of representation.
As for goals, it is customary to distinguish the following types:
The first type includes educational materials.To the second, reduced or enlarged copies of real objects (model of construction, aircraft wing, and so on). A simulation model allows you to predict the outcome of an event. Simulation is often used in medicine and the social sphere. For example, the model helps to understand how people will react to this or that reform? Before making a serious operation to a person for an organ transplant, many experiments were carried out. In other words, the simulation model allows you to solve the problem by “trial and error”. A game model is a kind of economic, business or war game. With this model you can predict the behavior of an object in different situations. A scientific and technical model is used to study any process or phenomenon (a device simulating a lightning discharge, a model of the motion of the planets of the solar system, and so on).
In which class do students get more familiar withby modeling? Computer science of the 9th class focuses on preparing its students for exams for entering higher educational institutions. Since in the USE and GIA tickets there are questions on modeling, now we need to consider this topic as much as possible. And so, how is the classification by area of knowledge? On this basis there are the following types:
According to this characteristic, two types of models are distinguished:
Already, judging by one title, it is not difficultguess that the first kind reflects the functioning, development and change of an object in time. A static one, on the contrary, is capable of describing an object at a particular point in time. This type is sometimes called structural, since the model reflects the structure and parameters of the object, that is, it gives a slice of information about it.
Examples of a dynamic model are:
Examples of a statistical model are:
Для начала очень важно сказать, что все модели they look and form, they are always made of something, somehow presented or described. According to this feature, it is customary to classify models as follows:
К первому виду относятся материальные копии existing objects. They can touch, smell, and so on. They reflect the external or internal properties, the actions of an object. What are material models for? They are used for the experimental method of knowledge (experimental method).
К нематериальным моделям мы уже тоже обращались earlier. They use the theoretical method of knowledge. Such models are called ideal or abstract. This category is divided into several subspecies: imaginary models and informational.
Информационные модели приводят перечень различной information about the object. Tables, pictures, word descriptions, charts, and so on can be used as an information model. Why is this model called intangible? The thing is that it can not be touched, as it does not have a material embodiment. Among the information models distinguish sign and visual.
An imaginary model is one of the stages of modeling. This is a creative process that takes place in the imagination of man, which precedes the creation of a material object.
Theme 9 in computer science “Modeling andformalization has a lot of weight. It is required to study. In grades 9-11, the teacher is obliged to acquaint students with the stages of creating models. This we now do. So, there are the following stages of modeling:
It is important to note that in the study of all thatsurrounds us, uses the processes of modeling, formalization. Computer science is a subject dedicated to modern methods of studying and solving any problems. Consequently, the emphasis is on models that can be implemented using a computer. Particular attention in this topic should be given to the point of developing a solution algorithm using electronic computers.
Now let's talk a little about the relationships between objects. In total, there are three types:
It is important to note that relationships can be conditional and unconditional. Unconditional connection involves the use of each instance of the object. And in the conditional only separate elements are involved.
