An indispensable condition for the existence of any living organism is the constant supply of nutrients and the excretion of the final decay products.
Metabolism, or metabolism, is a special setchemical reactions that take place in any living organism to support its activities and life. Such reactions enable the body to develop, grow and multiply, while maintaining its structure and responding to environmental stimuli.
Metabolism is divided into two stages:catabolism and anabolism. In the first stage, all complex substances are split and become simpler. In the second, nucleic acids, lipids and proteins are synthesized along with energy costs.
The most important role in the metabolism playenzymes that are active biological catalysts. They are able to reduce the activation energy of the physical reaction and regulate the exchange paths.
Metabolic chains and components are absolutelyidentical for many species, which is evidence of the unity of origin of all living beings. Such a similarity shows a relatively early appearance of evolution in the history of the development of organisms.
What is metabolism in biology, detaileddescribed in this article. All living organisms that exist on planet Earth can be divided into eight groups, guided by the source of carbon, energy and oxidized substrate.
Living organisms as a food sourcecan use the energy of chemical reactions or light. As an oxidizable substrate can be both organic and inorganic substances. The carbon source is carbon dioxide or organic.
There are such microorganisms that, being in different conditions of existence, use different types of metabolism. It depends on humidity, lighting and other factors.
Multicellular organisms can be characterized by the fact that the same organism can have cells with different types of metabolic processes.
Biology metabolism and energy examinesthrough such a thing as "catabolism". This term refers to metabolic processes during which large particles of fats, amino acids and carbohydrates break down. During catabolism, simple molecules that are involved in biosynthesis reactions appear. It is thanks to these processes that the body is able to mobilize energy, turning it into an accessible form.
In organisms that live through photosynthesis (cyanobacteria and plants), the electron transfer reaction does not release energy, but accumulates due to sunlight.
In animals, catabolism reactions are associated with the splitting of complex elements into simpler ones. Such substances are nitrates and oxygen.
Catabolism in animals is divided into three stages:
Metabolism (biology grade 8 examinesThis concept is also characterized by anabolism - a set of metabolic processes of biosynthesis with energy expenditure. Complex molecules, which are the energy basis of cellular structures, are successively formed from the simplest precursors.
First, amino acids, nucleotides andmonosaccharides. Then the above elements become active forms due to the energy of ATP. And at the last stage, all active monomers are combined into complex structures, such as proteins, lipids and polysaccharides.
It is worth noting that not all livingorganisms synthesize active molecules. Biology (metabolism is described in detail in this article) identifies such organisms as autotrophs, chemotrophs, and heterotrophs. They get energy from alternative sources.
What is metabolism in biology? The process by which all life on earth exists, and which distinguishes living organisms from inanimate matter.
The energy of sunlight feed someprotozoa, plants and cyanobacteria. These representatives of the metabolism occurs due to photosynthesis - the process of absorption of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide.
Such molecules as starch, proteins and cellulose,split even before they are used by cells. Special enzymes that break down proteins into amino acids and polysaccharides into monosaccharides take part in the digestion process.
Животные могут выделять такие ферменты только из special cells. But microorganisms such substances secrete into the surrounding space. All substances that are produced by extracellular enzymes enter the body through “active transport”.
What is metabolism in biology, you canread this article. Each organism is characterized by homeostasis - the constancy of the internal environment of the organism. The presence of such a condition is very important for any organism. Since they are all surrounded by an environment that is constantly changing, all metabolic reactions must be properly and precisely regulated to maintain optimal conditions inside the cells. A good metabolism allows living organisms to constantly contact with the environment and respond to its changes.
What is metabolism in biology? The definition is at the beginning of the article. The concept of "metabolism" was first used by Theodor Schwann in the forties of the nineteenth century.
The study of metabolism, scientists are already engaged inseveral centuries, and it all began with attempts to study animal organisms. But the term "metabolism" was first used by Ibn al-Nafis, who believed that the whole body is constantly in a state of nourishment and disintegration, therefore, constant changes are characteristic of it.
The biology lesson “Metabolism” will open the whole essence of this concept and describe examples that will help increase the depth of knowledge.
The first controlled experience in the study of exchangesubstances were obtained by Santorio Santorio in 1614. He described his condition before and after eating, working, drinking water and sleeping. He was the first to notice that most of the food consumed was lost during the “invisible evaporation” process.
In initial studies, metabolic reactions were not detected, and scientists believed that living tissue controls living tissue.
In the twentieth century, Edward Buchner introduced the concept of enzymes. From now on, the study of metabolism began with the study of cells. During this period, biochemistry became a science.
What is metabolism in biology? The definition can be given the following - this is a special set of biochemical reactions that support the existence of the organism.
Inorganic substances play a very important role in metabolism. All organic compounds are composed of large amounts of phosphorus, oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen.
Most inorganic compounds allow you to control the level of pressure inside the cells. Also, their concentration has a positive effect on the functioning of muscle and nerve cells.
Переходные металлы (железо и цинк) регулируют activity of transport proteins and enzymes. All inorganic trace elements are assimilated by transport proteins and are never in a free state.
