What year was St. Petersburg founded?This question is very interesting, because this city is called the North Palmyra. Its inhabitants are considered intellectuals. The city has long been the capital of the Russian Empire. It is replete with museums, palaces, monuments of architecture and culture.
It is known that on May 27, 1703, by orderRussian Tsar Peter I on the Hare Island began the construction of the Peter and Paul Fortress. She became the first building of the city, later received the name of St. Petersburg. The city itself is of artificial origin.
Где был основан Санкт-Петербург?Many believe that he seemed to have grown out of nothing in the swamps. However, this is not quite true. About the year in which St. Petersburg was founded and how it turned out so quickly to build it, we will discuss further. Immediately make a reservation that the construction was a difficult and very costly process.
Поселения в устье реки Нева начали возводиться, since the XIV century, by the Swedes (Landkron fortress, 1300) and Novgorod (Ust-Okhta, 1500). In 1611, at the confluence of the Okhta River into the Neva River, the Swedes built the Nyenskans Fortress, near which the settlement of Nienstadt (Swedish - “city on the Neva”) appeared, which in 1632 received city status. By the end of the seventeenth century, Nienstadt had become a major trading port, surrounded by a large number of settlements. In 1703, it was captured by Russian troops and renamed Schlotburg.
Who founded St. Petersburg and what for thiswere the prerequisites? To protect the new territories conquered in Swedish Ingermanlandia during the Northern War, Tsar Peter I decided to build a new fortress, which was laid down on May 27, 1703 on one of the islands in the widest part of the Neva mouth. And on June 29, on Petrov day, the fortress was named St. Peter-Burkh (in honor of the Apostle Peter). This is another answer to the question of the year in which St. Petersburg was founded. Initially, in order to speed up the construction, the walls were poured out of the ground. And the creation of stone structures began three years later. It turns out that the name of the fortress gave the name to the future city, which began to be built around it on drained marshes and neighboring islands.
В ноябре 1703-го на Березовом острове открыли the first city temple - Trinity. It was originally made of wood. However, after a few years was rebuilt in stone. At first, it was the main religious institution of the new capital. It was here in 1721 that Peter assumed the imperial title. The square on which the temple was located, received the same name - Trinity. She went to the p. Neva. Here, and staged the first pier of the city. To her moored many ships for unloading and loading. The first inn and a guest yard were also built on the square. The island on which the fortress was located was renamed from Hare to Urban.
To speed up the construction of stone buildings, Peter Ibanned the construction of stone throughout Russia, and with each entering into St. Petersburg, a special tax was levied. A person had to bring with him a certain amount of stone or pay its equivalent in money. Buildings were also built on the other side of the river. Shipyards were built. Vasilyevsky Island was rebuilt, which Peter wanted to make the city center. The construction process was difficult, but the one who founded St. Petersburg had the determination to follow through and knew what he was doing.
The construction of the city, which was planned as"window to Europe", led by foreign experts, and construction work was carried out by the forces of the serfs, and so-called. state peasants. The latter were mobilized for labor service. They were brought from all over Russia. Only about 24 thousand people were engaged in logging, draining marshes and laying roads. Since 1717, civilian people were involved in the construction. By this time, about 6% of 300 thousand builders have already died.
The first buildings performed utilitarian and, beforeall defense functions. The one who founded St. Petersburg wanted to ensure the presence of Russia in this region for centuries. Soon the construction gained even greater scope and began to be carried out more balanced and planned. The work was led by professional architects. In 1706, the Office of Urban Affairs was created to manage all the work and issues. In 1716, the city’s primary development plan, developed by the architect Domenico Trezzini, who had worked in the city since its foundation, was adopted. According to this plan, the center was planned to be located on Vasilyevsky Island. Such was the king's whim. The island was washed by two channels of the Neva. It was planned to cover it with a geometrically correct street grid, and make channels for drainage. However, soon the construction was headed by Jean-Baptiste Leblon.
Yes, Peter the Great founded St. Petersburg.Gradually, the city was successfully rebuilt and expanded. The first foreign ship arrived at the harbor in 1703. In 1705, the city experienced a flood, and in 1712, St. Petersburg was proclaimed the capital of Russia. All state institutions and the court of the emperor were moved here. Considering that the Northern War was not yet completed at that time, this is a unique historical precedent - the capital of one state was located on the lands of another. St. Petersburg remained the capital of Russia until 1918, when Moscow was again declared it.
In 1709 in St. Petersburg was openedRussia's first public school, in 1719, the first museum (Kunstkamera). In 1724 St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences was established. In 1728, the first Russian newspaper began to be published. In 1851, St. Petersburg was connected to Moscow by a 451-kilometer railway.
Throughout its existence, the citywas renamed several times (in Petrograd in 1914, Leningrad in 1924). In 1991, he was returned to the original name. It is the third largest among cities in Europe. In 1725, the population of St. Petersburg was about 40 thousand people, most of whom were military, residents of the surrounding villages, as well as serfs assigned to the city to perform construction work. By the end of the century there were about 200 thousand inhabitants. Now more than 5 million people live in St. Petersburg.
Peter 1 founded St. Petersburg, and this city becamethe pearl of the country. Currently, there are about 1,200 streets and more than 70 churches. Such sights as Kronstadt, Gostiny Dvor, Peter and Paul Cathedral and Peter and Paul Fortress, Winter Palace, Hermitage, Kunstkamera and others will not leave indifferent tourists Come to the city on the Neva, join the history of your native country!
