It can be said that living organisms are a complexa system that performs various functions necessary for normal life. They consist of cells. Therefore, they are subdivided into multicellular and unicellular. It is the cell that forms the basis of any organism, regardless of its structure.
Unicellular organisms have only one speciescells. Multicellular living organisms present different types of cells, which differ in their functional significance. Cells are studied by cytology, which includes the science of biology.
The structure of the cell is almost the same for anytheir type. They vary in function, size and shape. The chemical composition is also typical for all cells of living organisms. The cell contains the main molecules: RNA, proteins, DNA and elements of polysaccharides and lipids. Almost 80 percent of the cell consists of water. In addition, its composition includes sugars, nucleotides, amino acids and other products of processes occurring in the cell.
The structure of the cell of a living organism consists ofset of components. The surface of the cell is the membrane. It allows the cell to penetrate only certain substances. Between the cell and the membrane is a liquid intercellular substance. It is the membrane that mediates the metabolic processes that occur between the cell and the intercellular fluid.
The main component of the cell is the cytoplasm.This substance is viscous, semi-liquid consistency. It contains organoids, which perform a number of functions. These include the following components: cell center, lysosomes, nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes and Golgi complex. Each of these components necessarily enters the cell structure.
The entire cytoplasm consists of a plurality of tubules andThe cavity, which is an endoplasmic reticulum. The whole system synthesizes, accumulates and promotes the organic compounds that the cell produces. The endoplasmic reticulum also participates in protein synthesis.
In addition to it, proteins are synthesizedRibosomes that contain RNA and protein. The Golgi complex influences the formation of lysosomes and accumulates organic substances. These are special cavities with bubbles at the ends.
The cell center contains two corpuscles involved in cell division. The cell center is located directly near the nucleus.
So gradually we got close to the maincomponent in the structure of the cell - the nucleus. This is the most important part of the cell. It contains the nucleolus, proteins, fats, nucleic acids, carbohydrates and chromosomes. The entire core is filled with nuclear juice. All the information on heredity contains chromosomes. The structure of the human body cell provides for the presence of 46 chromosomes. Sex cells consist of 23 chromosomes.
The structure of cells includes and lysosomes. They purify the cell of dead particles.
Cells, in addition to the main components, contain andsome compounds of an organic and inorganic nature. As already mentioned, the cell consists of 80 percent water. Another inorganic compound, which is included in its composition, are salts. Water plays an important role in the life of the cell. It is the main participant of chemical reactions, as a carrier of substances and removal of harmful compounds from the cell. Salts contribute to the correct distribution of water in the structure of the cell.
Among the organic compounds are: hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, iron, magnesium, zinc, nitrogen, iodine, phosphorus. They are vital for transformation into complex organic compounds.
A cell is the main component of any living organism. Its structure is a complex mechanism, in which there should not be any failures. Otherwise, it will lead to unchanged processes.
