How much you can get "3" or, God forbid, "2"only because you still do not understand how to determine the conjugation of verbs? In Russian, there are many such "banana skins" on which it is easy to slip. The theme "Conjugation of verbs" in Russian is one of the most complex. We will deal with her once and for all. In the jungle of science we will not climb, and many books will not be needed, but some terms will be needed.
The infinitive of a verb, or an undefined form, isform, which is usually considered the initial, the initial for all other forms of the word. It is indefinite because it is impossible to know from it - no one produces an action, neither produces nor how many subjects produce it, but it is very useful for determining the conjugation of verbs. "What to do?", "What to do?" - Infinitive questions.
The verb's face is an indication of who producesact. For example, the ending -y (-y) indicates that the action is produced by me, that is, 1 person. But the ending is -you (-you) - the fact that you are producing an action, that is, by 2 persons.
Personal endings are endings of verbs in all three persons.
These lighthouses help to understand the main issues.
What is the conjugation of verbs?In Russian it is a grammatical category that unites all forms of one verb. School grammar usually limits the conjugation of face shapes and numbers in the present and future times.
It is not necessary to learn this definition, it is important to understand the following.
How are verbs distributed in Russian by conjugation? The basis for this distribution is the community of personal endings. Let's look at the table to see for yourself.
System of personal endings
I conjugation | II conjugation | |||
Unit. number | Mn. number | Unit. number | Mn. number | |
1 person | sing | sing | grief | burning |
2 person | sing | singing | burning | burn |
3 person | sings | sing | burns | burn |
Now it is not difficult to draw a conclusion: the endings with a vowel -e in the beginning indicate the verb I spr., and with the vowel-i - on the verb II cfr. Only 3 persons of the plural are knocked out, but here too it is easy to remember: I спр -у / -ю -, II спр - а / -я.
We'll make a memo, take a good look at it and remember it.
I ref. - е, у / ю, II спр. - and, a / i
Now answer the last question, the most important one.
How to determine the conjugation of verbs in Russian?This is very easy to do if the personal ending is percussion. In this case it is enough to reproduce our memo with inner vision. But if it is unstressed, there are difficulties with spelling. We will never write "summer" instead of "fly", but "glue" instead of "glue" - easily. This is where the next step-by-step algorithm for determining conjugation comes in handy. So, you, for example, have such an assignment - "wind peg .. tree branches"
Step 1. Put the verb in the infinitive:
sway
Step 2. We look at the verb suffix (this is a vowel before):
sway
Step 3. We ask ourselves: "Is this a vowel-and?"
Step 4. We answer: "no" or "yes".
sway - not -and
Step 5. If the answer is "no", then the verb I of Ref.
to flutter - I ref.
If the answer is yes, then verb II ref.
Step 6. We choose the ending: I спр. - e, I, II ref. - and, a / i (see the memory)
"The wind picks up the branches of trees"
That's all: how to determine the conjugation of verbs, you now know.
But in Russian nothing can do withoutpitfalls, in this case they are verbs-exceptions. These are very harmful verbs, which in the infinitive (only in the infinitive!) Look like verbs I spr, and all their personal endings are II cp. A 2 verbs - shaving and laying - on the contrary, in the infinitive pretend to be verbs II spr, and in fact - I spr. They can be neutralized by learning a poem:
See, hear and offend,
Hold, drive and hate,
And breathe, watch, endure,
And depend, and twirl
+ shaving, laying.
In principle, this information is enough to boldly raise your hand in the class.
This, of course, the conjugation in the Russian language is not exhausted.
