Достижения химической промышленности современного the world today allows the creation of new substances and materials, using for this purpose a variety of chemical compounds. One example is concentrated sulfuric acid, which is very common in the chemical industry.
Серная кислота, имеющая формулу H2SO4, is a liquid without the color of Maslenica consistency, which when it reaches 10.4 ° C turns into a solid crystalline mass. Concentrated sulfuric acid contains 96.4% SO4, its density is very high and reaches 1.87 g / cm, so that 1 liter of undiluted sulfuric acid weighs approximately 2 kg. It is noteworthy that if the acid is dissolved in water, then its temperature rises significantly, since a large amount of hydrates is formed in the reaction. This remarkable property is widely used to isolate various substances as a result of increasing the temperature not only of water, but also of other liquids.
Concentrated sulfuric acid is used.also for draining gases, since it has the ability to absorb vapors of various liquids. The same property explains the charring of some organic substances, especially carbohydrates, in contact with this acid. The fact is that carbohydrates contain hydrogen and oxygen in the same ratio as H2SO4, as a result of which, when these substances come in contact, sulfuric acid takes water from carbohydrates, and carbon is emitted in the form of coal dust.
При производстве садовых удобрений concentrated sulfuric acid, the chemical properties of which allow it to be used as a good oxidizer, is also used to displace other volatile acids from the salts. As a result, it is possible to produce such fertilizers as superphosphate, ammonium sulfate, and others. Owing to its oxidizing properties, it is used for the oxidation of all metals standing in the row of conjugation up to and including silver, resulting in the formation of two series of salts - sulfates (of the middle type) and hydrogen sulphates (acid type) with esterification.
Sulfuric acid is an extremely caustic liquid.which also has dangerous fumes. The maximum allowable rate of H2SO4 vapor concentration is 1 mg / m3, as a result of which all workers dealing with sulfuric acid are given work clothes and personal protective equipment. Concentrated sulfuric acid, whose properties are extremely dangerous for a person without protection, is used in the following areas of activity:
- industrial organic synthesis;
- production of medicinal products;
- cleaning of oil products;
- leather and metalworking industry;
- production of dyes, plastics, synthetic detergents and so on.
Sulfuric acid is produced by two industrialmethods - using solid contacts (catalysts), as well as using nitrogen oxides (nitrous method). Sulfur is most often used as a raw material, but metal sulfides can be used for some types of sulfuric acid. The industry produces concentrated sulfuric acid of the following types: technical, vitriol oil, pure (rechargeable), oleum (anhydride solution) and tower oil.
In conclusion, it should be emphasized once again thatSulfuric acid belongs to caustic toxic substances of 2 class of danger. When vapors of the acid get into the respiratory organs, burns of the upper respiratory tract are accompanied by a strong cough that can develop into bronchitis, tracheitis and laryngitis. That is why when working with sulfuric acid, great attention is paid to the high degree of protection of workers from the harmful effects of the liquid and ether components of this substance.
