The Mongol-Tatar invasion caused a hugeThe damage to the political, economic and cultural development of Russia. The invasion of the Central Asian nomads caused a wave of resistance from our people. However, the population of some fortified points, which preferred to surrender without a fight to the winner, sometimes bitterly regretted this. Let's find out which cities in Russia resisted the Mongolian troops?
The great Mongolian commander Genghis Khan createda huge empire, over the territory exceeding the size of all the so-existed states. Even during his life, nomadic hordes invaded the open spaces of the Azov Sea, where the Russian-Polovtsian army routed in the battle on the Kalka River. It is believed that this was a reconnaissance battle, designed in the future to pave the Mongol-Tatars way to Eastern Europe.
The mission of conquering the peoples of Europe was entrusted todescendants of the son of Genghis Khan Juchi, who was allocated to the lot of the western ulus of the empire. The decision to go to the West was taken at the whole of the Mongolian Kurultai in 1235. At the head of the huge Mongolian army was the son of Juchi Batu Khan (Baty).
The first under the onslaught of his troops fell the Bulgariankhanate. Then he moved his hordes to Russian principalities. During this invasion, Batu captured Batumi major cities of Russia, as will be discussed in more detail below. Not much more lucky and the residents of the countryside, because the crops were trampled, and many of them either killed or stolen.
So, let's see what cities of Russia resisted the Mongolian troops.
The first of the Russian cities, the force of the Mongol strike was experienced by Ryazan. The defense of the city was led by Prince Ryazansky Yuri Igorevich, who was helped by nephew Oleg Ingvarevich Krasny.
After the siege began, the Ryazanians showed miraclesheroism and steadfastly held the city. They successfully repulsed the attacks of the Mongols for five days. But then the Tatars brought their siege weapons, which they learned to use, while fighting in China. With the help of these technical structures, they managed to destroy the walls of Ryazan and take the city in three days. It happened in December 1237.
Prince Igor Yuryevich was killed, Oleg Ingvarevichtaken prisoner, the population of Ryazan was partially destroyed, partially saved in the forests, and the city itself was completely destroyed and never more recovered at that place.
After the capture of Ryazan under the pressure of the Mongols, steelfall and other cities. States in Russia in the form of principalities because of their disunity failed to give a worthy rebuff to the enemy. The Mongols were captured Kolomna and Moscow. Finally, the Tatar army approached the city of Vladimir, left before his Prince Yuri Vsevolodovich. The citizens began to prepare for a heavy siege. The city of Vladimir in Ancient Rus was a major economic and political center, and the Mongols understood its strategic importance.
The leadership of the defense of the city in the absence of the fathertook the sons of the Grand Duke of Vladimir Mstislav and Vsevolod Yurevich, as well as voevoda Peter Oslyadyukovich. But nevertheless, Vladimir could only hold out for four days. In February 1238, he fell. The last defenders of the city took shelter in the caves of the Assumption Cathedral, but this brought them only a small respite from death. A month later, the final defeat of Prince Vladimir of Russia Vladimir Yury Vsevolodovich was struck on the river City. In this battle, he died.
When the question is raised about which cities of Russiathey resisted the Mongolian troops, then Kozelsk is always remembered. His heroic resistance deservedly entered textbooks on the history of our Motherland.
Prior to the beginning of April 1238, the Mongols came toa small town of Kozelsk, which was the capital of the specific principality, located in Chernigov land. The prince was a twelve-year-old Vasily from the Olgovichi clan. But, despite its size and early childhood, Kozelsk had the longest and most desperate resistance to the Mongols from all Russian fortresses, before that taken. Batu captured relatively large cities of Rus relatively easily, and this small settlement was taken only by putting more than four thousand selected Mongolian soldiers at its walls. The siege lasted seven weeks.
Because of the expensive pricepay Batu for the capture of Kozelsk, he ordered from now on call him "evil city". The entire population was brutally destroyed. But the weakened Mongolian army was forced to return to the steppe, thereby delaying the death of the capital city of Rus - Kiev.
Nevertheless, in the next 1239 the Mongols continued their Western campaign, and, having returned from the steppes, they captured and destroyed Chernigov, and in the autumn of 1240 they approached Kiev, the mother of Russian cities.
By the time he was the capital of Russia onlyformally, although it remained the largest city. Controlled by Kiev Prince of Galician-Volhynian Daniel. To manage the city, he put his Tysyatskiy Dmitra, who also led the defense from the Mongols.
Near the walls of Kiev came almost the entire Mongolian army, participating in the western campaign. According to some data, the city managed to survive for three months, on others - it fell in just nine days.
After the capture of Kiev, the Mongols invaded GaliciaRus, where they were particularly stubbornly resisted by Danilov, Kremenets and Holm. After the capture of these cities, the conquest by the Mongols of the Russian lands could be considered complete.
So, we found out what cities of Russia hadresistance to the Mongolian troops. They suffered the most from the Mongol invasion. Their population was at best sold into slavery, and at worst - completely cut out. The cities themselves were burnt down and compared to the land. True, most of them still managed to rebuild later. However, obedience and the fulfillment of all the requirements of the Mongols, as history shows, did not guarantee the city that it would remain intact.
Nevertheless, several centuries later the Russian princedoms grew stronger, relying on cities as well, and were able to throw off the hated Mongol-Tatar yoke. The period of Moscow Rus began.
