Moscow Bridge (Kiev) - one of the fourroad bridges of the capital of Ukraine, connecting the two banks of the Dnieper in the northern part of the city. Built according to the unique project of the architect A. V. Dobrovolsky and engineers G. B. Fuchs, E. A. Levinsky, B. M. Grebnya, B. S. Romanenko.
Moskovsky Bridge (Kiev), photo of whichfascinates with its peculiar lightness and elegance, is the first cable-stayed bridge in the Soviet Union. This is a whole complex more than 9 km long, consisting of approaches to the spans across the Dnieper and Desenka, the roads on Trukhanov Island, the congresses at the recreation center "Dnieper Waves", and parking lots.
Recovering after a devastating war in the 50s – 60sKiev years has grown rapidly. It is necessary to build new bridges across the Dnieper. The river within the city is wide, with numerous branches, shoals, backwaters, and tributaries. This complicated the design of massive construction.
In 1966, a master plan for the development of the capital was adopted.Ukraine, involving the construction of at least seven large bridges. After half a century in Kiev, there are only 4 such facilities in operation. One of them is the Moscow Bridge.
Design work began in the late 60s.Before designers there was a nontrivial task to build spans so that their supporting racks did not interfere with navigation on the Dnieper. Architect Anatoly Dobrovolsky and leading engineer, now Professor Georgy Fuchs, focused on the cable structure. It involves the support of spans with the help of cables, which allows you to abandon the supports in the riverbed.
In the Soviet Union, this construction experience was not. Designers had to develop a project from scratch - from the appearance to the technological process of manufacturing and installation of each element.
Work began in 1971 and was carried outaround the clock, in any weather, without interruption for five years. Today, the building that graced Kiev is history. The Moscow Bridge, whose photo is impressive in size, was commissioned on December 3, 1976. In 1981, the design team for the development of the project was awarded the Prize of the USSR Council of Ministers.
The Moscow Bridge connects the right-bank Podolsky and Obolonsky districts with the left-bank Dnieper (residential districts of Voskresenka, Raduzhny, Troyeschina). The complex consists of:
Moscow Bridge (Kiev) - a unique structure.Thanks to the one-pylon cable system, the shipping part of the Dnieper is free from supports, which allows ships to run freely. One high pylon is located on the left bank. The right-bank part is a flyover with a span of 63 meters. The 300-meter steel stiffness beam (the largest in the former USSR) in the cable-stayed girder is supported by guys woven from steel ropes (20-40 in each guy). The total length of the ropes is 54.6 km.
Ванты опираются на А-образный пилон высотой 119 meters The distance from the roadway to the roof of the pylon is 53 meters. In two legs-pylon pillars there is one mounting shaft with iron stairs in 8 spans each. They converge over the arch of the tunnel. Inside there is a working area of about 10 m².
From above, the Moscow Bridge is decorated with a sculptural stylized depiction of the old coat of arms of Kiev (sculptors B. S. Dovgan and F. I. Yuryev). On each side of the emblem there is one balcony.
Moscow Bridge is highly efficienttransport engineering construction. However, the designers considered several projects to make it not just functional, but with a certain twist. In particular, the issue of building a panoramic restaurant at the top of the pylon was discussed. A similar object was built on a cable-stayed bridge in Prague and is very popular with tourists. However, the former head of the Ukrainian SSR, Vladimir Scherbitsky, did not approve the idea, citing the decision to fight drunkenness.
Another project was a construction on topThe pylon of the spectacular sculpture is the rooks, in which the founding princes of Kiev are located. The sculptor Vasily Boroday made a sketch that Brezhnev and Scherbitsky liked. It was ordered to establish the composition, but the technical embodiment of the idea turned out to be intractable. At the highest point of the pylon, the corresponding height of the 35-storey building, strong winds blow. The design was unreliable. In addition, at this height, the sculptural composition is poorly distinguishable. As a result, the rook was installed in the park near the Dnieper. She became a symbol of the Ukrainian capital. And the pylon itself was decorated with a copper plate with the image of the coat of arms of Kiev.
Before passing the Moscow bridge tested onstrength. 150 trucks loaded with sand drove into the lanes. Thus, the load created by transport during hours of heavy traffic was repeatedly exceeded. Tests carried out for two days, proved the reliability of the cable structure. 11/5/1983 the opening of the trolleybus line across the bridge. Route No. 29 connected the residential area of Voskresenka with the Petrovka metro station.
К началу 2000-х поток автотранспорта значительно increased. There were 3 transport lanes on each side, separated by a two-meter separation zone. In 2005, the town planners decided to remove the dividing zone, replacing it with an additional reversing strip. The idea was unsuccessful - the accident rate increased significantly.
In order to minimize the number of accidents reversestrip in 2007 was replaced by a bump stop. The vacated space and a small decrease in the width of the lanes made it possible to increase the number of traffic flows to four in each direction.
Why is the bridge called Moscow, do not even knowcreators of buildings. It was originally supposed to call it North in accordance with the location on the city plan. Later it was decided to call him in the spirit of the time - the name of Friendship of Peoples. However, shortly before the acceptance, it was ordered to give the name Moskovsky to the bridge.
After gaining independence more than oncediscussed the possibility of renaming the North, Troyeschinsky, or the bridge to them. Stepan Bandera. In 2015, the Kyiv City State Administration held a public hearing on the renaming of the object in the bridge to them. George Fuchs, one of his designers. Profile Commission rejected the initiative.
