The Yusupov Palace in Moscow is one of the mostold civilian buildings. The construction of the building dates back to the 17th century or the beginning of the 18th century, although the dates are still in doubt. The ancient chambers of the Yusupovs are a true architectural marvel that glorified the Bolshoy Kharitonyevsky lane near Chistye Prudy, familiar to all Muscovites. With its length and the number of remarkable structures, an alley can give odds to many streets.
Yusupov Palace in Moscow (photo in articlerepresents the architectural features of the building) is a true landmark of the capital. The building is considered one of the largest cultural heritage sites.
For those who are interested in where the Yusupov Palace is located in Moscow - the address: Central Administrative District, Basmanny District, B. Kharitonyevsky Lane, 21, 4.
The end of the seventeenth century is considered the most likely date.the buildings. At this time, a complex of two-storey buildings was formed, decorated in the style of Moscow Baroque. Probably there was also a third wooden floor, which was residential. The structure was a parade vaulted room on the basement. At the beginning of the XVIII century. to the northeast corner of the palace was added the so-called Dining Room with a characteristic wide passage. Under Peter I, all Myasnitskaya Street was turned into a ceremonial road for the tsar’s exit. Approximate people began to settle in the district.
The first about whom it is authentically known as about the ownerPalace in B. Kharitonyevsky, became one of the associates of Peter I, the vice-chancellor, holder of the Order of St.. Andrei Pervozvannogo, famous diplomat P. P. Shafirov. Historians believe that it was Shafirov who built the earliest parts of the complex constituting the future Yusupov Palace in Moscow.
Having made a successful career, in 1723 the official gotout of favor with the emperor. He was sentenced to death, which at the last moment was replaced by a reference to Siberia. Former diplomat deprived titles, ranks, all property.
Building in Kharitonyevsky lane (the futureYusupov Palace in Moscow) was transferred to Count P. A. Tolstoy. The head of the Secret Chancellery in those days terrified contemporaries. His descendants are the famous Tolstoy writers - Alexey Konstantinovich and Lev Nikolayevich. Due to participation in the palace intrigue against A.D. Menshikov, Peter Andreevich was exiled to Solovki.
The next in whose possession was the palaceYusupov in Moscow was the closest associate of the "Most Serene Prince" A. Ya. Volkov. Judging by the nature of the duties assigned to him, which in most cases were very delicate, Volkov was one of his most trusted servants. After the overthrow of the nobles Volkov was deprived of the rank of general, as well as the palace in Kharitonievsky Lane.
Possession was transferred to the treasury, and in 1727granted to Prince G. D. Yusupov, a representative of one of the most noble noble families of Russia, whose history dates back to the Muslim Middle Ages.
Historians believe that its founder wasYusuf Murza is the Khan of the Great Nogai Horde, who feared Russia. In 1563 his son Il-Murza arrived in Moscow, who managed to distinguish himself in the service of the king. During the reign of Fyodor Ivanovich, the grandson of Il-Murza, Abdul, unknowingly, fed the goose meat to Patriarch Joachim, who, having learned about the deception, was in terrible rage. To save himself from disgrace and ruin, Abdul-Murza decided to convert to Orthodoxy. He was granted the forgiveness of the sovereign, the title of prince and the name of Dmitry Yusupov. But as the family tradition claims, that same night, the prophet Muhammad himself appeared to him in a dream, who for his apostasy cursed the entire Yusupov family. From now on, in each of his generations, only one man was destined to live to the age of 26 years.
Boris Grigorievich was governor-generalMoscow, and also served as director of the Gentry Cadet Corps. Thanks to him, the Empress Elizabeth in 1756 signed a decree on the creation of the first public theater in St. Petersburg.
In the 1770s, the possessions of the Yusupovs were expanded: on the western side, together with the stone house, the acquired neighboring Izmailov estate was attached to the site.
Beginning of the legendary riches kept inThe old chambers of Kharitonyevsky lane were laid under the first owners. It is known about the Yusupovs that throughout Russia they owned many palaces, houses and manors. The number of serfs belonging to them was in the tens of thousands, the land was in the hundreds of thousands of tithes. Chambers belonging to Yusupov in Petersburg by analogy also became known as the palace.
На рубеже XVIII и XIX вв.the house of the merchant Chiryev (residential, one-story) joined their possessions. Now in Kharitonyevsky lane Yusupov belonged as many as three houses. At that time, the owner of the site was the most famous of the Yusupovs — Nikolai Borisovich, Minister of the Departments, Senator, Actual Privy Councilor, Member of the State Council, First Director of the Hermitage. The grandee, reputed to be the most enlightened man of his time and a talented politician, spent most of his life abroad.
Part of the buildings of the palace complex NikolaiBorisovich rented out. In 1801 the father of the great poet Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin, Sergey Lvovich, rented an average house together with all economic services. By this time there was already an orchard near the house, in which little Pushkin walked with his nanny. Later, he transferred his childhood impressions to the poem “Ruslan and Lyudmila”. Although the future poet had a chance to live in the house for only three years, Kharitonyevsky lane was immortalized in his work. The unsophisticated one-story wooden house at the corner of the alley, according to one of the legends of the capital, is mentioned in the seventh chapter of the famous "Eugene Onegin". He is called “the house of Tatiana” or “Larinsky”.
В начале XIX в.the house where the parents of the great Russian poet lived was taken over by prince A. I. Vyazemsky. It is known that the palace was badly damaged in the fire of 1812. Inside, almost nothing was saved. After the French were expelled from Moscow, the chambers were repaired, and they managed to restore the former decorative furniture. In the course of redevelopment in the middle of the XIX century, the house acquired a U-shaped shape.
Boris Nikolaevich Yusupov (the next owner) was the master of ceremonies of Emperor Nicholas I, the real secret adviser. He lived mainly in St. Petersburg and visited Moscow only briefly.
But in the 1860s life in the Yusupov Palacereally hammered the key. The chambers were repaired again when Yusupov Jr., Prince Nikolai Borisovich, began to own them, who bought the house from the court councilor Plemyannikov, which was once the dwelling of the Pushkin family. Hofmeister Imperial Court Yusupov was known as a great connoisseur of music, a talented performer and writer.
Unfortunately, this outstanding man wasthe last of the representatives of the male line of the old noble family of the Yusupovs. Princess Zinaida Nikolaevna, his only daughter, the heir to a great fortune, became the wife of Count F. F. Sumarokov-Elston, great-great-grandson of M. I. Kutuzov, to whom, at the request of Nikolai Borisovich, Emperor Alexander III was allowed to be called Prince Yusupov.
Old Prince Yusupov did not spare funds in pursuitto give to the chambers in the Kharitonievsky palace splendor. At the end of the XIX century. its large-scale restoration began, during which the western part of the chambers was rebuilt, the decor of the facades stylized as the 17th century was changed, the premises were redeveloped. At the same time, a third floor was added to the chambers. The decor of the roof was also restored, which is a high cover with stone chimneys and weather vanes. The windows were inserted into the windows - imitating mica windows of the 17th century.
Receptions, which were held in the Yusupov Palace,amazed guests with their pomp, called by many "Byzantine". The owners allowed to explore the luxurious interiors of the palace to everyone. Particularly impressed with its rich decoration and size was the throne room, the domed ceiling of which was painted with zodiac constellations, and the walls were decorated with images of a dragon, the fabulous bird Sirin and paradise flowers. Three bronze open doors led into the hall. According to the fashion of the time, there was also a Chinese room with birds, dragons, stylized lanterns and characteristic patterns.
В портретной висели изображения всех representatives of the Yusupov family. In the Armorial Hall were placed sculptural medallions with coats of arms. This room was decorated with luxurious crystal chandelier, Venetian mirrors in heavy carved frames and antique furniture. The palace contained a rich collection of works of art.
Zinaida Nikolaevna, famous for herits beauty, wealth and hospitality, was one of the most famous patrons of Russia. With its funds in Moscow and other cities built churches, schools and many charitable institutions.
In 1908, shortly before his twentieth anniversary,Her son Nikolay Feliksovich died in a duel. Come true clan curse. Felix Feliksovich, the only successor of the clan and heir to all wealth, became a participant in the murder of Rasputin, at that time one of the key figures who influenced the course of history. Until now, the secret of his death remains one of the unresolved mysteries.
After the revolution F. F.Yusupov and his family went to Europe. Their property was nationalized. It is known that the Bolsheviks tortured the butler to find out the place where the prince hid the treasures, but the mystery was not revealed.
From 1928, the Yusupov Palace became the place where various Soviet institutions were located.
In the 1940s, the travel arch under the Dining Hall waslaid down. This turned out to be distorted the entire appearance of the building. During the times of the Soviet Union, the monument of architecture was not restored. By 1990, the Yusupov Palace in Moscow was already in an extremely dilapidated state.
In 1999, the facade was partially restored, the roof and the forged grille were also repaired.
В 2000-х началось масштабное проведение repair and restoration work: the destroyed northern facade was rebuilt (built in the 19th century), the exterior walls of the travel archway were dismantled. It stained glass windows with openings, and also strengthened the roof. In accordance with the historical materials, the northern and southern porches were restored, parquet and stone floors on the floors, historical coloring of the facades and murals. After restoration, the doors to the Yusupov Palace in Moscow were opened for all visitors. The excursion to the famous chambers was interesting and desirable for many who wanted to see this unique beauty with their own eyes. Thanks to the efforts of the Committee on the Cultural Heritage of the Capital, a real revival of a unique architectural monument took place.
In connection with the next repair and restorationthe works are now again inaccessible for inspection of the Yusupov Palace in Moscow. When a visitor opens for visitors, it is of interest to many. According to experts, it is possible that visits will not be resumed en masse.
