Территория, на которой находится современная England, in 55 BC, when the troops of Julius Caesar invaded it, was settled by Celtic tribes calling themselves Britons. As a result of the invasion, the entire southern part of the island became part of the Roman Empire. The whole territory, which is now located in modern England and Wales, was called Roman Britain. Further, the history of England is already associated with the Germanic tribes. In the 5th century AD, the Roman Empire collapsed, and then the Britons turned to the German barbarians to protect them from invasions of Celtic tribes from the north — the Scots and the Picts.
Germanic tribes came from threeGroups: Saxons, Angles and Utes. The Germans quickly mastered the territory of the Britons and gradually began to push them into the territory of Wales and Cornwall. On the lands occupied by the German newcomers, separate kingdoms gradually formed. Subsequently, these kingdoms formed the union of seven kingdoms, which was called the "Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy". One of these seven Anglo-Saxon kings from time to time gained control over most of the territory of England. This king was called "Razvald", which is close in meaning to the name "Ruler of Britain".
This went on for quite a long time, so the storyEngland can not accurately determine the date when the final unification of the state. Some historians believe that the unification came at a time when the Danish Vikings seized the eastern part of England during their invasion, which forced all the British kingdoms to unite their forces for protection. The first king of all England is often called the king of Wessex Egbert, who died in 839. However, the history of England suggests that the title "King of England" appeared only two generations later - during the period when Alfred the Great ruled the islands (871-899 years).
Some historians make their calculations by convertingattention to important historical events and wars of England. For example, counting the rulers of the state from the Norman Conquest in 1066. This date is usually used in the numbering of the English monarchs as the zero point. For example, Eduard I, crowned in the 13th century, was in fact not the first king to bear such a name, but he was the first Edward, if counted from 1066. In this year, the Duke of Normandy, William the Conqueror, conquered England and became King William I, thereby establishing the dynasty of the Anglo-Normans. However, William the Conqueror is not the founder of England and he did not unite the country, he only captured the already existing England, introducing French-Norman rule in it.
Then a dynasty came to power, calledPlantagens (1154-1485 years). At this time, the history of England is significant the longest Hundred Years War with France (1337-1453 years). From 1485 to 1603 the rule of the Tudor dynasty in England. It was the era of centralized power and the strengthening of English absolutism, the period of the Reformation. The Tudor dynasty ended with the reign of Elizabeth I, who approved the Anglican Church. In 1603 the Stuarts dynasty came to power in England, which was the dynasty of the Scottish and English kings. King Jacob I replaced Elizabeth I on the throne of state. This period of government was marked by the civil war, which arose as a result of the revolutionary crisis led by Oliver Cromwell.
Несмотря на то, что в дальнейшем произошла the restoration of the Stuarts dynasty, came to power in 1714 Hanover. During their rule, the English army won on 18 June 1815 at the Battle of Waterloo over Napoleon's troops. From 1837 to 1901, the reign passed to Queen Victoria. This period is considered the height of the peak of Britain. Since 1917, the Windsor dynasty became the ruling dynasty in the kingdom.
