Nizhny Novgorod is a city with practicallyeight hundred years of rich in various events history. Located at the confluence of the Volga and the Oka, it has always been one of the largest cultural, economic and transport centers of Russia. More than once the city served as a stronghold of statehood, defending the country from external enemies. All this contributed to the fact that now Nizhny Novgorod is rich in interesting memorable places and sights. One of them is the famous ancient Kremlin.
Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin began to buildapproximately in 1500. It was finally erected in 1515. The structure was a two-kilometer wall, which was supported by thirteen towers. One of them - Zachatskaya - has not survived to the present.
The last page in the combat track recordVolga fortress was written in the early 17th century. It was a period of foreign intervention and great feats of the Nizhny Novgorod militia, led by Kuzma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky.
Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin is a defensive medieval structure. It is located partly on the flat top of Chasovaya Mountain, as well as on its slopes (from the northwestern part).
Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin (photo you can seebelow) is located on an area of 22.7 hectares. The so-called stone city has a rather impressive size. Its perimeter is 2045 meters. The walls that are unassailable in the past for enemies have a height of between twelve and fifteen meters. At the same time, they are also very wide.
The thickness of the walls is from three and a half tofour and a half meters. Along the perimeter of the stone city were erected defensive towers. How many towers in the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin? At first there were thirteen. Currently preserved twelve. The names for the towers were chosen according to their use and purpose, or by the names of nearby buildings.
Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin (Nizhny Novgorod) from the daythe grounds had on its territory cathedrals, which were the main ones in the city. Among them are the Archangel Michael and the Holy Transfiguration. In the "stone city" is located several parish churches. There are episcopal and grand palace palaces, as well as several monasteries.
Если ознакомиться с планом цепочки крепостных structures, it is clear that it is an irregular polygon with towers located at the corners. In ancient times, they played the role of defensive towers. The scheme of the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin introduces us to the names of the towers. If you look clockwise, then the first one is Dmitrievskaya (Dmitrovskaya). This is the main tower. It was named in honor of the great Nizhny Novgorod Prince Dmitry Konstantinovich, who ruled in the 14th century.
The next one is a tower called the Pantry. It was used as a storage space. Next to the now-non-existent parish of the Nikolskaya Church, the Nikolskaya Tower was erected.
Следующую башню – Коромыслову – представляет нам scheme, which marked the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin. The history of this building tells the story of a legendary young woman with a yoke supposedly buried in this place. The fifth tower is Taynitskaya. The tower received its name because of the secret passage located in it leading to the Pochaye River. The northernmost tower is Ilinskaya.
Not far from it is the Church of Elijah the Prophet. This tower is also called by its geographical location - North. On the Watch Tower in the 16th century. the clock was set.
The Ivanovskaya Tower was next door to the now destroyed.Church of John the Baptist. White was called the defensive tower because of its white-stone cladding, which was enclosed at the bottom of the outer facade. St. George's Tower was erected near the now-defunct St. George's Church, and gunpowder and various ammunition were stored in the Powder.
После того как пала Казань, свое военное значение Volga fortress lost. Later it became the administrative center for a vast district. On its territory there was an order hut. It was located in the stone city of the subregional, as well as provincial government.
The main defense tower of the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin was erected in the central part of the upland area. Its facade faces a semicircular part of the square, named after Minin and Pozharsky.
Дмитриевская башня Нижегородского кремля с Since its construction played the role of the main entrance to the fortress. It was also the centerpiece of the defense of the entire upland area. The leading role of the tower is confirmed by the radial-concentric layout of the city. The fact is that from the very entrance to the Dmitriev tower in different directions the streets diverge. Among them Ulyanova, Alekseevskaya, Varvarskaya and Bolshaya Pokrovskaya.
Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin, whose history is contained in ancient records, began its existence with the construction of this particular tower. This is confirmed by documentary sources that have reached our days.
In 1965, a significant event occurred. The gilded coat of arms of the city, depicting a walking deer, was installed on the roofing spire of the tower.
В самом начале Зеленского съезда располагается round tower of the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin. Call her the Pantry. Previously, it was used as a storage place. In the 17-18 centuries. the tower was called Alekseevskaya, as was the church located nearby.
Currently, the tower isfour-tier structure. In its lower part there are underground rooms, in which there are side fighting chambers with embrasures. The restoration work, which was carried out in 1953, made it possible to restore the semicircular extension of the Pantry Tower. This structure, erected in the 19th century, is designed to create air ventilation in the storerooms of the lower tier, where they store the garlic oil used to illuminate the streets of the city.
After the pantry tower on the scheme of the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin Nikolskaya is located. Its name was taken from the church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker located nearby.
В давние времена эта вышка играла роль второго по the importance of the knot defense. By its value, it was inferior to the Dmitriev Tower. Currently, with the help of restoration work, the original appearance of the building with a passable gate has been restored.
During the 17-19 centuries.The tower was used as a warehouse, significantly changing its internal layout. Restoration work carried out in 1959-62, were restored not only internal rooms. The facade of the tower also took its original historical appearance. In the same period, the roof of the tower was restored, having the form of a tent with a watchtower.
In the chain of walls located on the hillplot corner is a round tower, bearing a kind of name. The history of the name of the Koromyslova tower is associated with two versions of the legends about a woman who is buried in this place. According to some reports, she was killed to give the walls strength, as required by popular belief. The second legend is about the courage of a woman who killed several invaders with her yoke and was buried near the tower.
A distinctive feature of the Koromyslova tower is its facing with white stone. In the 18-19 centuries. in the tower was located the archive, and since 1886 various warehouses were arranged in it.
This round tower is located above the slope.the steep bank of the Pochainsky ravine with the Pochayna River flowing along the bottom. This construction is obliged by its name to a hiding place - an underground passage. This path led from the tower down the ravine to the river itself. The trench had wooden floors and walls, and the upper part hid the turf from prying eyes. In the 1980s, the discovered remains of a cache were destroyed.
Historical documents relating to the 17th century acquaint us with another name of the tower - Mironositskaya, originating from the church of the same name located on the opposite bank of the ravine.
The tower overlooks the Pochinsky ravinelocated in the northwestern corner of the mountainous part of the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin. This is the Northern tower, which received its name by geographic location. However, this happened at a later time. Documents same 17th c. they call it Ilyinskaya, like the church of the same name, which was located on the opposite side of the ravine. In some documents, the tower was listed as Corner (corner).
The device of this tower was no different fromplanning Taynitskoy and Koromyslova. Only in some details are there minor differences. In 19 in and early 20 in. The tower used military units as a warehouse.
This facility is located at the slope of the Volga River.at the very top of the fortress hill. It is the only tower of the Kremlin, located inward ledge. In former times, she did not play a combat role. Its main purpose is the creation of artistic and aesthetic composition. The ensemble of the North and the Clock Tower was decided by the architects exceptionally well. At the same time, the most beautiful place in the Kremlin is the giant steps, which descend from a high steepness from the tower wall. At the top of the tower is a special wooden room - "watch hut". Hence the name of the structure.
The name of the building received from the earlierlocated nearby the church, bearing the name of John the Baptist. From its inner side, the Ivanovo Tower of the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin had a staircase extension along which the defenders of the stone city climbed the walls. Here was a camera for criminals and captives. The Ivanovo Tower was equipped with a gate and was the main one in the piedmont zone of the Kremlin.
This structure is located opposite the turnCongress called the Kremlin. This is the only round tower that has been preserved on the piedmont territory of the fortress. From the side of the field, the tower’s front is faced with white stone. Hence its name. In peacetime, the tower was used as a warehouse, and until the fire that occurred here in 1924, archival documents were kept in the tower’s premises.
The construction of a rectangular shape, which is previouslyit was passable. St. George's Tower of the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin is located above the steep bank of the Volga. Not far from it, a monument to V.P. Chkalov. There are two versions of the origin of the name of the facility. According to one of them, the church of the same name was located nearby. According to the second, in this place stood the St. George Terem - the palace, built by the founder of the city, Yuri Vsevolodovich.
In its appearance and layout of the interior of a modern rectangular tower is significantly different from similar structures of the Kremlin.
The round tower of the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin is named afterthe nature of its application. It was stored ammunition. By the same name of the nearby cathedral there are documents of the 17th century. call this tower Spasskaya. In the annals of the 18th century it is referred to as Streletskaya, because the Streletskaya settlement is located not far from it.
Currently the Powder Tower is roofedand partially restored. The device tower is similar to the Pantry. These two towers have differences from the rest in the form of the absence of frontal loopholes in the lower tiers.
