In Kazakhstan there is a city whose history began in the distant 1879, when the first settlers appeared on the bank of the Tobol River. They came here from various provinces.
The formed settlement occupied 13.5 thousand acresland and was named Nikolaevsky. But in 1885, after becoming a district town of the Turgai province, it was renamed Kostanay. From the Kazakh language this word was translated as "the parking of the Kazakh tribe". It was formed from two components: "braid" - yurt, and "tanay" - Kazakh tribe. In 1884, a church, a court, a school and other public buildings were built on its territory. By 1913 the city of Kostanay was replenished with new inhabitants. Its population reached 28,300 people, the main activity of which was agriculture.
This was possible due to its location on thefertile black earth lands. Trade developed widely. The city of Kostanay served as a commercial site for such goods as salt, fish, leather, wool, grain, furs, flour, meat, beer and other agricultural products. In order to expand the delivery of products to other regions of Russia, in 1913 a railway was built.
Industry in the city began to develop onlyafter, when on its territory during the Patriotic War several enterprises for the production of footwear, artificial fibers, clothes were evacuated. In order to ensure their work, as well as the comfort of workers, they began to build engineering networks, equip the city, plant the streets.
In the post-war years, the city of Kostanay continueddevelopment. The virgin lands were cultivated on which people were engaged in the extraction of minerals: bauxite, asbestos, ores. Nowadays the development of the city continues. Its population is about 240 000 people. More recently, an international airport was built.
The schools of the city of Kostanay aregeneral education. There are 51 in total. But there is also a school-garden, an art school named after AI Nikiforov. In addition to industrial enterprises, there are two higher educational institutions, a philharmonic society, libraries, palaces of culture, theaters, a museum on the territory of the settlement. The city of Kostanay can be called a cultural center of the same name.
The main streets of the city of Kostanay, and at first they wereonly ten, were witnesses of the events that took place here during the entire time of its existence. Most often, street names reflect the historical past, the names of the heroes. And at the end of the 19th century, they were called here in accordance with the name of the provinces, from where the settlers arrived: Tomsk, Penza, Tashkent, Samara, Troitsk, Orenburg and others.
The main street was Bolshaya.It ran from the river Tobol to the railway station. It housed the houses of wealthy merchants - Yaushev, Kargin, - as well as food stores and shopping arcades. The Soviet government gave this street a new name - Proletarskaya. Two years later it became known as the Soviet one. And two more later - by Lenin's street. But more than once had to survive her renaming. In 1975, it became Leninsky Prospekt, and in 2000 - Prospect Al-Farabi.
In general, many streets in the city with the arrival ofSoviet power began to be called in a different way. And it's not surprising. Tsarskaya became the street of Leo Tolstoy, Barabashevskaya was renamed in honor of Lavrentiy Taran. But this happened in many cities at that time. The main thing is that renaming does not affect what was located on these streets. And in Kostanay they can see many interesting buildings and monuments.
The center of the city of Kostanay is interesting because therethere is a regional museum of local lore. It was opened in 1915. Only here you can get full information about the province. The exposition consists of 112 thousand exhibits. In the museum you can learn about what was on the local land in ancient times, what is rich in the Kostanay region today, how the city affected the Patriotic War and many other significant facts.
But not only this is interesting city of Kostanay.House 85-A along Gogol Street is a toy museum. It contains 5000 exhibits. Until now, everyone can replenish the museum's exposition. And the toys here are very different. These are dolls and soldiers, cars and weapons, Cheburashki, pistols and many other children's entertainment. All exhibits are unique. There is even a female figure of the Egyptian woman, which was made in the II millennium BC.
Not for nothing Kostanay is considered the cultural capitalKazakhstan. Here is the regional theater of drama. Omarov, who often takes part in republican festivals. He presents to the public both adult and children's performances. It is based on the studio. The Russian Drama Theater must also be visited. It was founded in 1922. Now it is united with the puppet theater. The performances of his actors were awarded prestigious awards even at international festivals. Well, do not forget to check into the Philharmonic. The first place of its location was the building of the regional drama theater. Now you can hear musicians working in different directions. And music is played not only Kazakh.
Interesting and modern monuments of the city.For example, the Charlie Chaplin monument. A well-known actor is depicted full-length with a bowler and a cane. It is located near the building of the Kazakh-French cultural center. Sculpture of a girl with a laptop, made of bronze, also attracts tourists. This is a monument reflecting modern reality. Many people want to take pictures with him.
The city of Kostanay is a prosperous cultural,scientific and industrial center of Kazakhstan. If you want to see how a small settlement developed on the banks of the Tobol River in a relatively short period of time, be sure to come here.
