It is known that the sound "p" in Russian isone of the most difficult. It requires certain vibrations and movements of the speech apparatus. We learn to say "p" to five years. If to this age the child does not manage to correctly pronounce this sound, this is a serious reason to think about visiting a speech therapist. The reasons for the violation can be different. However, some of them can be managed independently. How to put the sound "p" at home?
Any correction begins with a diagnosis.In order for the child to learn new speech skills correctly and without extra efforts, it is necessary to conduct a small articulatory test. It includes speech tests to hit the phoneme in different positions. Due to this, one can understand the pronunciation of the "p" sound in what words causes difficulty in the child. And also to reveal what part of the speech apparatus needs training.
The question of how to put a child sound "p" is solvedin several stages. First check his isolated pronunciation. Let the child "snarl" a little. After this, you need to try different positions:
Depending on the options for correctpronunciation and there is a speech therapy correction. So, for example, if the child does not manage to pronounce neither the isolated "p" nor the words, then it is necessary to arrange the sound, and then fix its reproduction in combinations with other phonemes. If, on the other hand, the sound is vibrated cleanly, but distorted in different positions, then it is necessary to work on fixing its pronunciation.
In practice, physiological disorders are manifested in various features of pronunciation. Correction of the phoneme "p" is required in the following cases:
Logically, the question arises as to why such a difference of sound occurs? From the point of view of physiology specialists distinguish several reasons:
Violation of the mobility of speech organs. When pronouncing words with the sound "p", the tongue and lipsa person normally makes certain movements. If this does not happen, it does not happen correctly. The primary task here is to determine the defect.
Checking. To do this, you can do the following exercises with the child:
A short frenum of the tongue. This is an inherent feature in which the mobility of the tongue is impaired. It adjoins the bottom of the oral cavity and is fixed sharply from the front.
Checking. Check the length of the bridle by using asample: the child should open his mouth and reach the base of the upper teeth with the tip of the tongue, while pronouncing the "e" sound. If the exercise fails, the bridle is determined to be shortened.
Violation of verbal hearing. Some children confuse close-by-sounding phonemes (sounds). The consequence of this is incorrect pronunciation and delay in development.
Checking. As a diagnosis, you can offer the child to "catch" the sound of "p" in different words, phonemes and combinations of phonemes: paw, frame, p, o, p, c, w, ma, op, ish, eu and so on. When recognizing "p", he should clap his hands. Thanks to this multivariate, one can understand where confusion occurs.
Wrong breathing in speech. Breathing is the basis of the sound of the voice.With superficial breathing or inconsistent speech expiration, there may be a "swallowing" of sounds or grazing (kartovost). The last moment is very difficult for correction.
Each problem described above hasindividual solution. So, with disturbances in the mobility of speech helps to cope articulatory gymnastics for the sound of "p". It is aimed at alternating tension and relaxation of the muscles of the tongue. A series of exercises with daily repetition gives a noticeable result after a week. This is a very convenient tool for choosing the solution to the problem, how to put the sound "p" at home.
Exercises:
"Spade"
The mouth is slightly open, the tongue loosens onlower lip. And the upper one freely slaps on the tongue and at the same time the sound of "five-five-five ..." is pronounced. Finally, leave the tongue in the relaxed (initial) position for 10 seconds.
"Let's brush our teeth"
Mouth ajar. The tip of the tongue should be the brushing of teeth from the outer and inner sides in the direction of up and down and left and right on each tooth.
"We hammer nails"
Mouth ajar. The tip of the tongue is "tapping" on the base of the upper teeth on a score from 1 to 10.
"Painter"
Mouth ajar. Lips and jaws are immovable. The tip of the tongue, like a brush, slides over the upper sky from the depth to the base of the teeth and back. Repeat the exercise up to 10 times.
Articulatory gymnastics for "p" sound includesand exercises for stretching the shortened bridle. They are relevant at an early age, help stretch the sublingual ligament, while the tissues are amenable to changes.
Exercises:
"Horse"
Mouth ajar. His lips are fixed in a smile. Wider part of the tongue pressed against the upper palate and the "pull" of her then with a click. It must be ensured that the lips and lower jaw remain immobile.
"Fungus"
The mouth is wide open, the tongue is completely pressed againstthe upper sky. Then, when you close your mouth, it breaks away from the sky. This exercise is accompanied by a certain breathing rhythm. Breathing through the nose - the mouth is open, exhaling through the mouth during its closing.
"Harmonic"
The exercise is similar to the previous one. Only now the language remains pressed to the sky with a wide open and closed mouth. Repeat this movement should be up to 10 times.
"Swing"
Mouth ajar. His lips are fixed in a smile. Wide part of the tongue is raised for the upper teeth, and then lowered for the lower ones. The tongue does not narrow, but the lips and jaws do not move.
If the exercises do not bring benefit or the anomaly is detected late, it is started, then it can be eliminated only by surgical means, by a small frenum reticle. This is a quick and safe procedure.
Speech therapy exercises for "p" sound alsoare intended for the development of the apparatus of speech. Specialists recommend techniques in certain respiratory rhythms. They will help in parallel to remove violations of the mobility of speech organs and speech breathing. Such universal exercises include:
A common case in the problem of violationspeech hearing is the substitution of phonemes "p" for "l". Therefore, when conducting a home session, the sound "p" should alternate in words with the sound "l" in the same positions (beginning, middle and end of the word). The child needs to learn by ear how to distinguish these phonemes.
The words are: hand, lacquer, city, milk, mosquito, chalk. After a separate recitation the child should raise his hand at the sound of "p". At the same time, you do not need to repeat the word.
Apparently, the solution of the question, how to put the sound"P" at home, requires considerable ingenuity. In the test stream, you can also insert words with extraneous sounds (except "l" and "p"), as well as pronunciation of the problematic phoneme in combination with consonant sounds (frame, laurel, rout etc.). Speech therapy exercises for the sound "p" here are aimed at staging a phoneme in complex combinations:
DR
First, d is pronounced for a long time. The tongue appears to be sailing, pronunciation takes place on exhalation. Then a vibrating "p" joins the phoneme: brawl, friendship, a tree. A similar exercise can be carried out with a combination with the phoneme "t": work, trolley, trawl.
ZR
First comes the long pronunciation of "h"("The mosquito is buzzing"). The tip of the tongue touches the upper teeth. Then he quickly moves along the hillocks of the palate at the teeth ("the mosquito froze and trembles"). After such warm-up you can connect words with combinations: sight, pupil, hello.
For such exercises you will need a tea spoon,cotton swab or nipple. The main thing is that the object must be clean, without sharp edges. While the child pronounces the sound "z" or "d" for a long time (the mouth is open), the adult drives the object under the tongue to the right and left. In this case, there should be fluctuations. As a result of such manipulations from the child, the rolling sound "p" will clearly be heard.
The entire production of the sound "p" for a child occurs according toa certain algorithm: individual sounds-syllables-words. After mastering this part, you can proceed to the composition of word combinations and sentences for pictures. This is the fixation of the sound "p". A more difficult stage is the learning of mantras, tongue twisters, poems and songs. In this case, you can use special literature, speech therapy games. Such a presentation of the material will only warm up the child's interest in the classes and will have a positive effect on the results.
Understand how to put the sound of "p" in the homeconditions, it is not difficult. This requires patience, strict adherence to instructions and daily activities. However, violations are sometimes not only physiological, and the help of a neuropsychologist is required. If the speech therapist "p" corrects with exercises and games, then the neuropsychologist's task is to study the processes in the brain and their connection with the speech problem. With age, the incorrect pronunciation of a vibrating phoneme becomes the norm. And to fix this "bad habit" without qualified help becomes more difficult. Therefore, experts recommend paying attention to the speech of the child at the age of five.
How to put a child sound "p" - has long been goodthe problem studied. But what should adults do? Is speech correction possible in this case? Partly yes. But there are a lot of pitfalls here. First of all, an adult should recognize his defect and start correcting it. Visiting a speech therapist is not always necessary, although you can ask for advice so that the reason is clearly stated (if it is unknown) and a set of exercises is chosen. For adults, it differs in complexity. It includes respiratory articulatory exercises, but without mechanical assistance, as well as reading specially selected texts aloud and singing.
