Speak for an adult as wellnaturally, how to breathe or walk. We pronounce the sounds and put them into words on the machine, only thinking about the content of the speech. Children also learn the sounds of speech unconsciously - by imitation, but in their speech they are not yet fixed. Sometimes this process can be violated. What prevents a child from pronouncing a particular sound or, in general, speak clearly and distinctly?
Speech is a complex motor act.It involves the organs of breathing, voice formation and articulation, that is, pronunciation of sounds. The latter are interesting to us. There are active and passive organs of articulation. Passive remain in place, but due to their location and form, it is possible to pronounce the desired sound. The active ones are in constant motion and change their position and form. Passive organs of articulation include hard palate, teeth. To active - the tongue, lips, lower jaw, soft palate with a small tongue. The main organs of articulation, from the position of which the pronunciation of sound depends, are the tongue and lips. They consist of a variety of muscles, and these muscles, like any other, are amenable to training with speech therapy exercises for clear speech. It is especially important to work out the coordination of their movements, form a skill to give the language and lips the right position.
Why are some sounds violated more often than others?There are sounds - "champions" for violations: these are whistling (C, Z, C), sibilant (S, F, S, H) and R. Also the pronunciation of the L sound can be disturbed. These sounds can be distorted - simply speaking, the sound is pronounced lisply or kartovo. And speech therapists have special terms for this. For example, Sh may be lateral, when air comes from one side of the tongue, a labial-labial, snort-like. Also, sound can be skipped or replaced with similar ones. For example, often P is replaced by L or W to C. In the speech of children, such substitutions are much more diverse.
Why are some sounds more complicated than others?Vowel sounds do not require complicated movements of the tongue. Air during their pronunciation easily and freely passes through the mouth. Therefore, they are usually not violated, there is only the fuzziness and blurryness of their pronunciation, especially O and Y, because they require the extension of the lips. Among the consonants, too, there are many sounds that are violated only in severe cases, for example, with paralysis and paresis.
Articulatory gymnastics strengthens the muscles of the mouth,develops accuracy and coordination of movements of the organs of speech. It is necessary for children for training. All logopedic exercises for children that are included in it are designed to form certain postures and movements. These movements and postures will then form the basis of the spoken sounds. Therefore, if there is a desire in general to improve the speech, to make it more clear, to accelerate its development, if it is slowed down, then it is worthwhile to do general articulatory gymnastics. Harm from her will not. But if specific sounds are violated, then emphasis is placed on those speech therapy exercises that develop exactly the necessary movements of the language.
Articulatory gymnastics should be performeddaily. You can give it 3-5 minutes a day. It is better not to do this right after eating, so that manipulation of the tongue does not cause a vomiting reflex. All logopedic exercises are performed in front of the mirror together with an adult who controls the correctness of the performance and tells the child how to do the exercises. To make the process more interesting, short exercises and illustrations are often applied to the exercises.
Below, the entire list of speech therapy exercises for each day will be offered. They can be alternated.
Smile, open your mouth wider and lick your upper lip from top to bottom with a wide tip of your tongue. In different directions they do not need to move. It is necessary to hug your lips.
Smile, open your mouth wide. The tongue is sucked to the sky, stretching the bridle. The tongue will resemble a mushroom cap, and the bridle will have a thin stem.
Smile, show teeth. Led by the upper teeth - right-left, then up and down. Repeat with lower teeth.
Smile and show both rows of teeth. Hold up to 5.
Pull out the lips with a tube forward (about the same as with the sound Y), hold the score to 5.
By the way, these exercises are useful to alternate. You can repeat the combination "fence-tube" several times. This teaches the child to switch from one position to another.
The same, only the lips are slightly wider. As when we say O.
Smile, open your mouth. Put a wide and flat tongue on the lower lip.
Spank the tongue with your lips and say "five-five-five." Sometimes this exercise is called "Punish a naughty tongue", and "Pancake" - just holding the tongue on the lip.
It helps to relax the muscles of the tongue.
You need to rhythmically and clearly pronounce the D-D-D, restingtongue in the tubercle behind the upper teeth. Usually, this sound is pronounced when the tongue is touched to the teeth, but the exercise is usually used when setting the sound P. To pronounce it correctly, the tongue is located a little deeper in the oral cavity. First you need to pronounce slowly, then you can accelerate.
Smile, open your mouth.Sway the tongue (suck it to the sky, as in the exercise "Fungus" and sharply tear off). The lower jaw does not move, only the tongue works. If you can not, you can carefully hold your chin.
Smile, open your mouth. In turn, touch the narrow tip of the tongue of the corners of the mouth - right-left. Repeat 4-6 times.
Open your mouth. With tongue, stroke the upper lip back and forth and pronounce the sound. It will be something like "bl-bl-bl." Sometimes children themselves make such sounds when they play around and play.
Smile, open your mouth.The anterior and lateral edges of the tongue are elevated, but do not reach the palate. The tongue is wide and in shape resembles a calyx with a depression in the middle, as can be seen with a mirror. Keep up to 5.
How do we pronounce the sound of R?This sound in each language is pronounced in its own way. French r differs from English, English from Russian. Therefore, speech therapists always work according to the language standards of the country in which they live and work. After all, the throat P is the norm for the Frenchman and the pathology for the Russian! So, how do we pronounce this sound in Russian? Sound P together with its soft pair Pb (and for speech therapists and linguists are two separate sounds) - the only one in Russian is trembling or, in other words, a vibrant. When we pronounce it, the language vibrates. At this point, its tip touches the alveoli - the tubercles, which are located in the mouth a little deeper than the upper teeth. This sound is one of the most difficult to pronounce and some never master it all your life. Therefore, in order to learn it, speech therapy exercises are especially needed!
Exercises are usually used by speech therapists atpreparatory stage for the production of sound. First, the child must learn to give the language and lips the right posture, and then you can put the sound. When the sound appeared, this is still not enough. We need a stage of automation. After all, the new sound for the child is unaccustomed and he can, for example, clearly say "Р-Р-Р" and even "fish", but in the old way to speak "kaltoshka." Therefore, when automating the sound, the child pronounces simple, and then more and more complex words with the desired sound in different positions - at the beginning, at the end, in the middle of the word. There are many games that make the process of repeating words more interesting - from the name of the pictures to all kinds of bingo or making suggestions.
Performing speech therapy at home anddifferent games for audio automation are most accessible to parents. The sound setting most of all requires professional skills and experience, so the speech therapist must deal with. However, with regular exercises, sound can appear in the child's speech itself. If this does not happen for a long time, and the sound quality is noticeably behind the age norms, it is better to go to a specialist.
To learn how to roar properly, all exercises that help raise the language up will be useful. For the sound P logopedic exercises are best such "painter", "Fungus", "horse".
And the main exercise is "Woodpecker".It is necessary to repeat it daily. For setting up the sound P, you can try during the exercise with the child's clean finger (the nail should be short-cut) to move the tongue from side to side to cause vibration. It will not be at once, it should be repeated. There are videos of how to correctly place sounds, but not the fact that they will be able to master this skill with their help.
Sound Sh is characterized not only by a specialposition of the tongue, but also by changing the position of the lips. The lips are slightly stretched forward, so the exercises "Trumpet", the alternation "Smile-Tube", and especially "Bublik" will be useful. This exercise is most like an exaggerated pose of the lips with the sound of Sh. The tongue, when pronounced, is raised upwards, its edges are pressed to the sky, but the tip does not touch either the teeth or the sky, but forms a cup. Therefore, all the exercises for raising the tongue upwards "Tasty jam", "Fungus" will be useful for the formation of this sound.
Also important are those exercises that help to make the language broad and flat. Especially if the child always puts out the tongue with a "needle" and can not flatten it. These are exercises such as Pancake.
The most important exercise for the sound of Sh is "The Cup."It most closely resembles the position of the tongue when pronouncing the sound. And for his statement, you can try to ask the child to press the edges of the cup to the sky, slightly round the lips and blow into the cup. You can get a hissing sound, quite similar to S. Logopedic exercises require great awareness and possession of their articulatory apparatus. Not all children are available, so speech therapists often help clients with probes or a handkerchief to take the desired position of the tongue and lips.
By the way, if a child has violated all hissing sounds, then it is necessary to start with the sound of S. It is considered the base for this group and all other sounds are already put from it.
