The question of what should be a schoolthe program and to whom it should be focused - on "strong" students or on "weak" ones - has been central to Russia for at least the last half a century. All this time, school general education programs are mainly compiled with a focus on a student with average abilities.
Such an approach to learning is fraught with the fact that guysthose who are more capable in a given field of science are bored in class and their development is markedly slowed down. Children who have lower abilities, on the contrary, do not have time. Naturally, all this affects the mental state of the child, his self-esteem and mental equilibrium.
Thus, the idea thatthe school should have a student-centered approach to learning. What is this approach that will help find answers to the most difficult pedagogical questions? In a few words, you can put it this way: student-centered learning is a way of organizing the school learning process in such a way that the main task is to cultivate, first of all, personality, and only then the installation works directly on the criterion of education.
Чтобы дать возможность развиваться этому The process, which is based on the recognition of the individuality of each student, taking into account his specific characteristics and identity, requires the reorganization of the teams themselves - the classes. Well, think for yourself: how can one teacher work with the number of students of 30 people, actively implementing a student-centered approach to learning in the educational and educational process?
How to have time with such a density to giveattention to each person, to give individual tasks, and even have time to check them? Of course, an experienced teacher will be able to organize the learning process in such a way that each student is given a feasible task, so that the mastery of skills and abilities goes in steps, and new knowledge clings like chains of a chain to those already learned and fixed.
Naturally, in order to bring this situation to life, the teacher must have with him a document reflecting the personal learning outcomes of each child.
Some schools have attempteddivision of children into classes according to their abilities, first in such trial versions as seating children in different rows: strong, medium and weak. This method created more convenience for the teacher when working with a team; it was easier to organize a student-centered approach to learning, since in this case the whole team was divided into three smaller ones - into groups. Tasks were prepared for each series separately, the evaluation system also worked more closely to the individual level of development of one or another student.
Ведь если всех детей «грести под одну гребёнку», then some talented humanities will remain for the second year in the sciences. And the future great mathematicians will not be able to go to the next class due to poor knowledge of the Russian language.
However, children very quickly "see through" the systemof a similar organization, regarding it as “labeling”. Parents, along with their offspring, were extremely outraged by this innovation, because he also humiliated the dignity of individual individuals. The division of students into classes according to their abilities was also greeted by parents with hostility. For some reason, to openly declare a person’s physical disabilities, such as poor vision or heart disease, is not considered demeaning to the individual. But to talk about low abilities and learnability of any kind of science is perceived as a real insult. Although it is also the physiological characteristics of the individual.
Идеальным был бы вариант, если бы дети глубоко studied only those subjects that would be useful to them in later life, and the rest for them would be secondary, would not be assessed, but only “listened to the course”. After all, every low score, both for an adult and for a child, all the more so is a very strong blow to self-love, which acts rather destructively on the psyche. But such a method in the educational system is still only beginning to be discussed in some places. And our children are required to master the full course in all school subjects.
And yet, the separation of children depending on theiraddictions and mental properties, from the level of their development takes place in our education now. This happens in specialized schools - lyceums, classes and programs in which are formed in such a way that the learner-centered approach in teaching allows teachers to organize work at a modern level, taking into account the individuality of each individual young person.
