Approaches to the control of constructionprocesses are regularly changed, supplemented and adjusted to improve quality. The need for reliable and durable building sites is due to the understandable aspirations of the responsible authorities to ensure the appropriate level of safety of the buildings in operation. To fulfill this condition, today technical supervision is applied, which is a set of rules and regulations governing the activities of construction experts. The formed commissions, through legal and technological tools, assess the quality of work activities and construction materials.
To understand the structure of implementation of monitoringparticipants in construction should understand certain concepts. So, for example, the general customer of construction is the person who provides financing for the project. This support includes the development of project documentation, and the immediate construction of an object with a supervisory function. There is also the concept of a general contractor. Unlike the customer, the contractor is often the construction and installation company, which is a legal entity. The range of functions of this construction participant includes direct technical implementation of capital construction facilities. It is the activities of the contractor that are subject to supervision by the supervisory authorities. These functions are also performed at a lower level by the developer, who may be part of the contractor's organization. This person owns the territory on which construction is carried out. It also carries out construction and installation works.
All listed participants of the constructionprocess are combined by a controlling function. In essence, the construction control of the customer for the construction is a regular check, the frequency of which is determined by the contract. With regard directly to supervision, it is aimed at determining the quality of work in the process of building the targets. Based on the results of the survey, relevant assessments are made based on the requirements of the construction design documentation. At the same time, technical analysis can be subjected not only to basic building materials and installation structures, but also the results of engineering surveys. By comparing the data obtained with regulations and standards, an assessment is made of the quality of the safety of buildings and buildings.
Capital construction is the mosta broad platform for the practice of using control schemes in the design and execution of repair and installation works. This is due to the fact that during the implementation of such facilities it is expected that most construction activities will be carried out, which should be subject to control in accordance with regulatory enactments. However, this does not mean that the construction control of the customer for the construction should be comprehensive and covering all stages of the project. Often, and partly for the sake of economy developers connect professionals of this profile at specific stages. For example, if you want to control the supply of building materials. In this case, the control service will check the labels, markings and certification documents for the delivered products in terms of its compliance with the project recommendations. And on the contrary, the delivery of materials can be tracked by the customer independently, and the supervisory authorities will take over the complex and high-tech processes of installing the engineering equipment or mounting the metal structures.
A special place is the stage of preparation forconstruction. At this stage, the development of design and technical documentation. That is, control of a different kind is required, which also includes an analysis of the legal nature. In addition, the capital construction is completed by the fact that the customer prepares the documents for commissioning. To exclude formal inconsistencies with a technical passport, before submitting documents for state registration, an examination is also conducted with the connection of supervisory services.
As requirements for objects increasecapital construction, which constitute the bulk of urban real estate, tightened and control over the implementation processes of such projects. Previously, these tasks fell on the construction control, carried out by special commissions from town planning bodies. The disadvantage of such formations was the extremely low quality of the controlling function. And this is not to say that the very organization of their work did not imply an integrated approach to assessing the quality of the target. In most cases, the commissions visited the site during the analysis of the project documentation and after the completion of the construction. The situation dramatically changed when the control was implemented in accordance with the new standards of the supervision service. They not only control capital construction in technical and legal aspects, but they can also serve as assistants for the project executors. The fact is that supervisory organizations are licensed through registration in self-regulating professional associations, with which specialists in design, geodesy, architecture, installation directions, etc. can interact. That is, if necessary, such services can provide the customer a full range of services in the implementation of construction with basic performance and the primary task of quality control.
Nevertheless, the main tasks of the controllingenterprises are reduced to organizing and ensuring effective work of representatives of supervision. The supervision service should monitor the conduct of repair and construction measures to further confirm the compliance of the result with the established standards. Together with this, the participants in the monitoring process are required to compile a statement on the amount of work performed, which in the future will allow the development and costing of documentation. It has already been said above that the customer himself can work on drawing up documents based on the results of inspections. Also, the immediate functions of technical supervision include carrying out systematic checks on financial costs. The fact is that the integrated goal of building control is expressed not only in ensuring the technical quality of the facility. If necessary, the customer can agree with the supervising organization and on tracking financial costs. That is, the function of supervision in this case will have the character of a means of optimizing the construction process, which is also actual today.
Actions and organization of work of the supervision servicedetermine the regulatory documents and the contract that was concluded with the customer. Most often, such services are hired in the format of engineering services. In accordance with technical standards, the procedure for conducting construction control during the construction involves the appointment of a responsible person who will supervise a particular facility. This person controls the issuance of permits for construction, monitors the process of removing the boundaries of the plot for development, participates in the breakdown of the axes of houses, communications and utilities.
At the same time basic tasks are assigned to the unitssupervisory organizations that perform control of obtaining laboratory and geodetic examinations, as well as their results. This part of the work also applies to document control. Separately supervised and production processes when performing construction and installation works. As a result of the completion of certain operations, an act on construction control is also drawn up, which specifies the parameters for the compliance of the work performed with regulatory or design requirements. Also, an act can be drawn up upon the discovery of defects or the identification of materials or structures that are inadequate in terms of quality characteristics. In such cases, a procedure for correcting the detected defect is envisaged. By the way, this is the dignity of conducting operational control, as it allows you to identify a shortcoming before the completion of construction.
Prior to the approval of the main documentation for the futurethe customer is required to obtain a state expert opinion on the positive property. Also, by the time the reconstruction or repair and installation activities begin, he must have a building permit. However, there are cases of exceptions, when instead of permission for work operations there is a certificate from the local town planning department, which allows you to perform work without examination of the project. Again, before the work starts, the developer must properly prepare the object. In the future, the construction control of the customer for construction can be transferred to the supervisory authorities. Along with this, already controlling services should supervise the transfer by the customer of documents on the basis of which the executors of technical operations will perform their tasks. In particular, during the construction of the house, the customer transfers the documentation to the contractor with the results of engineering surveys, design estimates, as well as the permitting documents mentioned above.
It should be noted that the customer can in someto act as a controlling participant in the project implementation process, even if he hired a specialized service for this purpose. It is common practice that technical supervision in its main part, for example, expressed by the entrance inspection of materials, is entrusted to the control service, and the customer or his representatives conduct the documentary registration. There is another nuance concerning the interaction of the customer with immediate performers. Often, the work process is organized in such a way that the detection of violations by the supervisory authorities is only recorded in the documents, but corrections of the revealed deviations from the rules are not checked. At the same time, control of such situations is included in the list of duties not of the service, but of the customer, which should be fixed in the verification documents and the fact of eliminating the shortcomings.
The customer is responsible for almostall stages of project implementation. For starters, it is worth mentioning the provision of the very preparation of project documentation, as well as the passage of state expertise. Here, the client also lays the responsibility for the quality of the project solution to the requirements of regulatory documentation, including, and in part, concerning the rights and obligations that were provided to him by contractual agreements. Further, this person is responsible for conducting construction control in the sense that it appoints a general contractor involved in the execution of works. In addition, the customer in some cases, accepts the acceptance of works, the quality of which may not be confirmed by the supervisory services. In such situations, responsibility for quality control of the facility falls on him.
Representatives of the expert service in the first stagesimplementation of the project, the input control of the budget documentation is carried out, in which technical material on the future facility is also studied in detail. In particular, experts assess the documentation in terms of sufficiency for the implementation of construction and general competence. If necessary, the control service takes measures to review project design documents, oversees the elimination of detected defects, does not allow deterioration of technical solutions and unreasonable increase in the cost of the facility. As required by the provision for construction control in work with capital facilities, responsible services should also monitor the relationship between the general contractor and the suppliers of materials.
In this regard, the main task of the control serviceis to prevent the use of builders structures and materials that do not meet the requirements of design documentation for their characteristics. The same applies to the engineering equipment used in the installation work during the repair operations. In practice, these tasks are realized through the organization of the said input control, checking on which allows to cut off the defective and inappropriate construction products. That is, construction and technical control monitors not only the finished results of the work performed, but also creates conditions for ensuring proper quality in the solution of the tasks.
Different criteria from history are taken into accountperformed work before the qualification of specialists who will perform specific operations. It is also common practice to use experts from different areas working individually. For example, such a group will separately perform analysis of technical documentation, geodetic research, monitor the quality of assembly operations and construction materials. From the point of view of quality, this is a good solution, but the company that fully covers the whole range of works still benefits from more efficient organization of the control process. Also it is necessary to take into account, what documents establish construction control in a particular organization. It is desirable that the organization is guided by the main set of rules that apply to standards for the implementation of capital construction control. But, the licensed organizations included in the SRO may have special standards for the performance of their tasks, which, however, are also fixed in the current regulatory documents. In any case, the customer receives a complex set of production and technical documentation at the exit, in which there is a log of work performance, laboratory control results, certificates for construction materials, etc.
Often, real estate market participants complain aboutlarge volumes of technical and expert procedures, which should be passed from the start-up of the project to construction before commissioning. However, in terms of supervision of the quality of implementation of major construction and installation operations, such claims justify themselves. Correctly organized construction control of the customer for construction allows documenting the proper level of safety of a particular facility. This is very important, first of all, in terms of future operation of the building, but this benefit is not limited. Supervising organizations today provide an extensive list of services that makes it possible to optimize production and construction processes. This is done by more efficient management of design estimates and rational choice of technical solutions by individuals who are really interested in obtaining a quality result.
