From the moment a man picked up a stick, heI realized that with its help you can achieve a lot. Therefore, people often try to achieve their goals by applying violence to their own kind. In this case, we are talking about the emergence of military art, which man has honed throughout the entire process of his evolution. If we examine in detail the entire human history, it becomes clear that it consists largely of wars. People can not live permanently in peace and harmony. Some should dominate others - this is the law. Today it is difficult to imagine any country without an army. All states are trying to overtake each other in terms of weapons. Along with the weaponry itself, military service is developing significantly, especially recently. This field of activity has always been in high esteem, especially among men. In the 21st century, military service became even more significant because the very principles of warfare are changing. Thus, in the article we will try to reveal all aspects of military activities, as well as answer the question of what it is.
Many people often wonderwhat is military service. On the one hand, the essence of this field of activity is extremely clear, on the other - it nevertheless conceals some specific features. Military service is one of the types of state activity of citizens. This activity is carried out on a professional basis. Citizens hold positions in the armed forces, and also have special ranks. Military service has specific tasks and functions, the most important of which are defense and state security. It should be noted that military personnel do not necessarily recognize people who work in positions in the armed forces. If a military unit was created in accordance with existing legislation, service in it is also counted as a military one.
Military service in all countries of the worldbuilt completely differently. It all depends on the continent, country and political situation. Today the most popular service in the army under the contract. This is one of the types of professional approach to the organization of national defense. This form of military service has proven its effectiveness over time. As practice shows, contract soldiers in the army treat the service more responsibly, which affects its direct implementation. As for the Russian Federation, then the passage of military service is carried out through universal conscription. This form is very outdated, so many countries abandoned it after the end of the Cold War. A small professional army is much better than a draft army, even in wartime conditions. This fact is confirmed by military conflicts that very often arise today.
If you look at the history of our country in detail,then we can distinguish the stages of development of military service in parallel with the general historical development of the population. The founding of regular, state armed forces can rightly be recognized in 1699, when Peter I actually created a fleet and army. In those days, the term of recruitment was 25 years.
After 1917 in the first constitution of the Sovietsenshrined the principle of compulsory military service. With the historical development of the USSR, military service was modified and evolved. This led to the fact that the Union had one of the most powerful armies in the world in the middle of the XX century. Many who did military service in those times speak of a high level of training for soldiers of absolutely all structural echelons. After the collapse of the USSR, the "federal period" of the development of the army in Russia begins. He received not only a new name, but also found its characteristic features.
Today, the military service of citizens in Russia isone of the types of public service. As mentioned earlier, she has a professional character. Citizens can serve in the Armed Forces of Russia, and more specifically in the structural units of this formation. According to the Federal Law "On Military Service", persons serving in the military are military personnel. As a result, they are subject to laws and other legal acts regulating the activities in the field of state defense.
Like other public activities,military service is governed by a whole system of legal acts. Thus, the legal acts regulating this field of activity are the following state acts:
- Federal Law "On the Status of Military Personnel","On Military Duty and Military Service", "On the Material Responsibility of Military Personnel." These legal acts best answer the question of what is military service.
- Decree of the President of the Russian Federation, which regulates the procedure for serving in the Armed Forces.
- Regulations on the procedure for the implementation of military-technical cooperation of the Russian Federation with foreign states.
- Instructions on the organization and conduct of certification of military personnel.
In addition, the “root”regulation that regulates the civil service in Russia in general. A similar document is the Federal Law “On the Public Service of the Russian Federation”.
The existing law on military service and otherregulations in this area of activity of citizens fix the specific legal status of military personnel. In accordance with the regulations that were presented above, the actual implementation of the legal regime of this activity is carried out. However, it should be noted that not every person knows what this status implies. If we turn to the theory of law, then any legal regime is a set of rights and obligations of a particular subject. The problem is that there is no unified law on military service, which would enumerate absolutely all the existing rights and duties of soldiers. All that the author will present later in the article is only a systematic “collection” that helps to deal with the legal status of civil servants of this type.
The status of a soldier is not only assigned tolegislative level, but in fact protected by the state. But the very essence of this legal regime is specific. Features are traced in its duality, based on the division of existing rights and duties. In general, the entire array of rights, freedoms and duties of the military can be divided into a number of factors. To date, there are two main circumstances of the separation of powers:
- First of all, any soldier isa citizen of the state he serves. As a result, he is from birth is endowed with an array of common rights and obligations that all citizens have without exception. But in order to become a full-fledged soldier, a fitness for military service is required. This fact determines the presence of a special subject in these legal relations.
- The second circumstance is that onThe military is charged with the task of implementing specific functions of state defense. Such tasks must be performed in any conditions, regardless of the season and other factors. As we understand, such circumstances carry a risk to human life and health. As a result, the regime of legal regulation of the activities of military personnel is supplemented by special competences.
Thus, the legal regime determining the functioning of the armed forces has its own internal features. With it, you can answer the question of what is military service.
В соответствии с занимаемой должностью и званием Each soldier has a lot of rights and obligations, which, in turn, have their own specifics depending on the type of troops, subunits, etc. They allow you to implement those functions and tasks that are directly assigned to them.
It should be noted that the rights and obligations of the militaryservices are regulated not only by federal laws, but also by military regulations, instructions, manuals, etc. A specific source for regulating the competencies of members of the armed forces are written instructions from direct superiors. There is an unofficial division of all rights and obligations into ordinary and special. Ordinary competencies are directly exercised by the military under normal conditions of service, and more precisely in peacetime. Special rights and obligations arise during the performance of combat duty, service in dress, disaster relief, in wartime conditions.
When a person becomes a soldier, his position in the system is determined by the following elements:
- position;
- the presence of a certain rank;
- Compliance with the staff of a military unit or other military authority.
The official staff is a documentwhich determines the size of the body or part. In other words, a state is a description of the number of equipment, personnel and weapons of a part. As for the military, they enter the state on the basis of their position. The latter is a set of rights, duties, functions and tasks that are inherent in a particular person. As a rule, this or that position is occupied by a soldier only if he is suitable for her in terms of his level of professionalism and health (fitness for military service).
Every military has a military rank.In the civil service, the equivalent is ranks and ranks. Military ranks correspond to the list of positions to which they relate. In other words, a soldier must hold the necessary position to obtain one or another rank.
There are also special lists whereSome positions that can be replaced by civilian personnel or female soldiers are indicated. Such positions exist because of the specifics of the work that they oblige to perform.
So, we tried to answer the question, what is military service. Features imputed to busy specificstate activity, it is necessary to study, since the function of state defense is one of the highest priority today. Of course, the defense sector requires constant reform, which would not be possible if we do not study in detail the specifics of the functioning of this industry in the Russian Federation.
