В законодательстве Российской Федерации, considering the problem of support for large families, the notion of a "large mother" is introduced. A woman with a child who has more than three children at the age of 18 does not have a mother.
Benefits for large families are provided forFederal Law No. 81 "On State Benefits for Citizens with Children" of 19.05.95. According to article 15 of the Law, a mother of many children is provided with material assistance in the form of a monthly allowance, which is paid during the leave to take care of the child (accrued until the child reaches one and a half years old). This benefit is of a size commensurate with the minimum wage and is set at the legislative level. The amount of the benefit is not affected by the number of children being cared for.
Since the time of the Soviet Union,Legally pension benefits for mothers with the status of having many children. This was first realized in the USSR Law of 14.07.1956. In the Russian legislation, these norms were developed in the laws "On State Pensions" and "On Labor Pensions". The mother of many children has the right to a labor pension at the age of fifty. At the same time, it is necessary that there are five or more children, their mother should have a close education before reaching every eight years. The length of insurance must be 15 years or more. In the absence of the necessary insurance experience, the pension is appointed on general grounds. Separately, there are benefits for large families living in rural areas. Having many children, having given birth to five children and raising them for at least eight years, they are retiring by the age of 50.
In spite of the place where themother with many children, she is entitled to a work schedule that provides employment for a week of both 2.5 and 2 days. This right is granted at the request of the mother herself and is fixed in the labor legislation of the Russian Federation.
Пособия и льготы многодетным семьям, проживающим in Moscow, are provided in the presence of more than three children. These families are registered in district Administrations, their rights are confirmed by the issuance of a special certificate of a large family. In the same place they can specify, what privileges are put to large families.
The list of benefits includes free travel of children inpublic transportation, reduction of amounts for payment of housing and communal services, provision of free meals and school uniforms, the right of priority admission to a pre-school institution is fixed, and visits to exhibitions and museums are offered free of charge.
The burden of paying utility bills for families with threechildren are reduced by 30%, privileges to large families with 4-6 children make up 50% of compensation, and a family with 7 children already receives a 100% payment compensation. For large families, a 50% discount is provided for the payment of the phone. In families with five children compensation is provided for travel in public transport already for parents.
With the adoption of the Federal Law,which provides benefits to large families, the whole package of support measures from the state was unified and developed in one document. The criteria on which a large family is defined according to which the number of children is three people are clearly defined, their age is limited to 18 years (in some cases it is increased to 23 years). The order of granting of privileges at an exit of parents on pension is orderly.
Настоящим Законом воспитание и уход за детьми в large families are equated to medical and pedagogical activity, respectively, payment is given to the parent who directly cares for the children. Charges are made until the child reaches the age of sixteen and has the minimum wage.
Particularly in the Law there is a place for granting privileges in the provision of loans for housing, payment of utilities, medical care and education.
