Gastroenteritis: treatment, symptoms and diagnosis. Consequences of gastroenteritis

Gastroenteritis is a disease that occurs due to inflammation of the mucous membrane of the stomach and small intestine. Causes of occurrence are bacteria, viruses, and food.

How does the disease go?

In acute intestinal infections, diarrhea occurs from 3 to 15 r / day, depending on the degree of severity, vomiting from a single to 15 r / day, abdominal pain, temperature from normal to 40 degrees.

With moderate and severe gastroenteritis, there is thirst, dry mouth, rare urination, rapid heartbeat, dehydration, weight loss.

In the most severe cases, pallor, cyanosis of the tips of the fingers, nose, earlobes, dizziness, convulsions, faintness, impaired consciousness is noticeable.

Often there is rotavirus gastroenteritis, which is treated on an outpatient basis.

Chronic gastroenteritis is a change.gastrointestinal mucosa, leading to persistent problems with absorption. The patient periodically has nausea, diarrhea, heaviness in the stomach, difficulty and painful digestion. Which leads, as a result, to weakness, fatigue, weight loss, irritability, sleep disturbances.

Symptoms of gastroenteritis in adults and children

Depending on the cause of gastroenteritis, distinguish the following symptoms:

1. Viral gastroenteritis, in addition to general indigestion with OCI, causes symptoms of ARVI: runny nose, discomfort in the throat, dry cough.
2. With bacterial inflammation of the gastrointestinal mucosa, the onset is usually acute with a sharp increase in temperature.
3. There is also nausea and repeated vomiting, cramping pain around the navel, frequent loose stools with mucus and greens.
4. Toxic gastroenteritis causes stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, frequent stools with blood streaked or black as tar.
5. Helminthic gastroenteritis, as a rule, is easier than others. It is manifested by nausea, dizziness, unformed stool, bloating and rumbling in the stomach. Appetite increased or, conversely, is absent.
6. In allergic lesions of the gastrointestinal tract there is nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain on the left, rumbling, frequent abundant stools. The temperature is normal.
7. With alimentary gastroenteritis - complaints of pain in the stomach, in the upper abdomen, around the navel, which is aggravated in front of the chair, nausea, refusal to eat.
   

Types of gastroenteritis in the form of manifestation

In the form of gastroenteritis manifestations emit:

1. Acute gastroenteritis, treatment consists in a diet (acute intestinal infection - AII) - acute inflammation of the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract. It can be mild, moderate and severe.
2. Chronic: persistent signs of dyspepsia at normal temperature, impaired general well-being.

Types of gastroenteritis. The reasons

Due to gastroenteritis is divided into:

1. Viral - caused by viruses. More often in the winter.Incubation - 1-3 days. Characteristic for children from 3 months to 3 years. Transmitted airborne and fecal-oral. Lasts 1-3 days. The virus comes out with faeces a month after recovery. Immunity is produced. Re-goes easier.
2. Bacterial - from bacteria and their toxins.For example, cholera and salmonellosis. Ill more in the summer and autumn, when the bacteria actively multiply. Transfer with food, water, contact. Meat and dairy products, dirty greens and vegetables are especially dangerous. Incubation - 2–24 hours. All categories of the population are ill, but are especially dangerous for children and the elderly, because they have lower enzyme activity. It lasts 5–10 days.
3. Toxic - develops when consumedtoxins: alcohol, NSAID drugs, herbs, household chemicals, heavy metal salts, x-ray preparations. Manifestations - within 48 hours from hit. It takes 2-5 days.
4. Helminthic - worms violate the mucous membrane of the small intestine. The number of infections is higher in summer and autumn. The source is helminth eggs and larvae from humans and animals.
5. Эозинофильный.Caused by allergies to exotic foods. In the digestive organs bubbles form with a large number of eosinophils (type of white blood cells). Lasts 1–3 days with the complete exclusion of allergen from food.
6. Alimentary. The reason - excessive consumption of fatty or spicy foods, alcohol, irritating the mucous membrane of the digestive system. Lasts 1-3 days with a diet.
   

Diagnosis of gastroenteritis in adults and children

The diagnosis of the disease, both adults and children, is done by a gastroenterologist or infectious diseases specialist.

First stage:examination by a doctor and the appointment of the necessary tests. Symptoms are not always able to correctly indicate the diagnosis, so it is necessary to conduct a laboratory study. To establish the correct diagnosis and correct treatment, an in-depth study of the condition of the patient’s body is necessary. An external examination takes into account the state of the liver and appendix, as well as the condition of the skin.

When diagnosing a doctor takes into account everything, even, at times,minor factors. For example, the state of sanitary conditions in the area, similar cases in the environment of the patient, a change in the usual diet, and he also studies the history of the disease. All this is necessary for the most correct treatment. And also tries to identify the causes of the disease in order to avoid re-illness in a short time.

Laboratory methods include: serological blood analysis, coprogram, clinical blood analysis, microscopic and bacteriological studies.

Instrumental: intragastric pH-metry, abdominal ultrasound, esophagogastroduodenoscopy.

Medication

Treatment of gastroenteritis in children and adults canto carry out not only in the polyclinic under the supervision of a doctor, but also at home. At the same time, a specialist is consulted, but suitable preparations, tinctures are taken at home, independently. To improve the condition of the patient it is necessary to achieve:

• normalize the balance of water and salt in the body;
• the first time after the attack, manifestations of painsensations, refuse food, after some time continue to eat only the food that strictly corresponds to the diet for patients with gastroenteritis;
• take funds that will stop the development of diarrhea, vomiting;
• in a difficult situation, take an antibiotic (with severe pain in the stomach).

Treatment of gastroenteritis folk remedies hasdirection for the restoration of the gastric mucosa. Also, with the help of various decoctions and tinctures, the amount of fluid in the body is replenished. Of the methods of physiotherapy is well conducive to the healing of inflammation, a warm compress, inductothermy, paraffin bath.

All types of treatment have one target objective: to restore the gastric mucosa, to completely remove inflammation. When treatment fails, gastroenteritis provokes the development of an ulcer.

Folk treatment

Treatment of gastroenteritis folk remediesquite attractive, since the natural composition of these medicines avoids many of the undesirable side effects that pharmacological drugs have. Folk remedies for gastroenteritis - a variety of herbal infusions and decoctions to combat the disease. Here are some of them. So, the treatment of gastroenteritis in adults:

• Настойка мяты – листья мяты (стакан) заварить hot water (glass) and insist 30 minutes to mint gave healing properties of water. Then strain and drink 60 ml at a time. Well removes negative symptoms.
• Oatmeal flakes - pour boiling water over the flakes, insist that the liquid is completely absorbed and the healthy breakfast for the stomach is ready for every day. Possess enveloping action.
• Cranberries - to 20 g of berries add 1.5 liters of boiling water.Boil on minimal heat or just infuse for 15 minutes and strain. 80 ml for 4 doses per day. Infusion with a slight sourness is useful to reduce inflammation and temperature.
• Orchis jelly - 5–10 g of tuber should be crushed (can be a coffee grinder), pour a glass of hot milk and stir until the jelly. Take 50 g per day.
• Chernogolovka - 1 tsp.chopped herbs in a glass of boiling water insist in a thermos for 2.5 hours. Before taking, strain and take 2 tsp. up to 5 times the day before meals. Helps stop diarrhea and gives anti-inflammatory effect.
• Similarly, they brew the oak bark, tansy, wormwood root, medunitsu, berries of bird cherry and blackberry leaves.

Prevention of gastroenteritis in adults and children

Prevention of gastroenteritis is the observance of a number of rules to protect yourself or your child and stay healthy. What is the treatment of gastroenteritis in children:

1. Clean hands - teach by example of a child to wash hands with soap before eating, after walking on the street, after visiting crowded places and toilets.
2. Expiration date - check the expiration date of purchased food products.
3. Ready-made food is to eat food or products that have undergone sufficient heat treatment (this applies to meat, eggs, fish).
4. Water - do not drink raw water, it is advisable to use boiled or purchased water.
5. Fresh vegetables and fruits - before use, be sure to wash with warm water and wipe with a paper towel.
6. Isolation - isolate during illnessa sick family member (adult or child), it is necessary to limit communication with him, select separate dishes and towels, and put a mask on close contact.
7. Product Quality - Sort Wiselyfoods in the refrigerator - raw separately from cooked, perishable foods (dairy, pastry) should not be stored on the table or bought in the market.
8. Disinfection - in the period of the epidemic it is necessary to ventilate the apartment more often and to carry out wet cleaning, it is better to wash the dishes and door handles with soda solution.
9. Medical assistance - when the first symptoms of gastroenteritis appear, it is better to contact your local doctor and get expert advice.
   

Gastroenteritis in dogs

A disease like gastroenteritis in dogsmanifested by a sharp deterioration in digestion, accompanied by vomiting and diarrhea, high fever, blood in the stool, and weight loss. In addition, the disease affects the mood of the pet: the dog becomes lethargic, begins to whine. Gastroenteritis affects primarily the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines.

The reasons for this unpleasant phenomenon are various factors:

1. Bad food, poor quality or spicy or fatty food.
2. Irregular feeding.
3. Infection is viral or bacterial, infection with parasites.
4. Foreign objects.
5. Food allergies.
6. Medication.

If gastroenteritis is detected in dogs, treatment should be followed immediately, otherwise complications will arise, even death.

Types of gastroenteritis in animals

Types of gastroenteritis in animals:

• Purulent.
• Phlegmonous.
• Diphtheric.
• Mucous-membranous.
• Mixed.
• Hemorrhagic or, as it is also called, coronoviral gastroenteritis, the treatment of which depends on the form.
• Croup.

Протекает в трех стадиях:primary, secondary and chronic. Symptoms and treatment of gastroenteritis in dogs depend on the cause, type and stage of the disease - a veterinarian prescribes treatment. At home, in order to combat dehydration, a rehydron solution is poured into the oral cavity.

In order not to face a similar problem,First of all, it is necessary to monitor the nutrition of the animal, it must be balanced, with a sufficient content of vitamins and trace elements, to be vaccinated. In addition, it is worth watching the animal, walking on a leash, after feeding, so that the dog does not have the desire to grab the spoiled food on the street.

Gastroenteritis in cats

Cats have many diseases, and if not in timebegin to heal, then it will lead to the death of your beloved pet. Gastroenteritis appears as a result of malnutrition, overeating, or unnatural and substandard food. Food in which a small amount of vitamins, acts on a cat not as it should, and this leads to poisoning. Sometimes it can be seen that the pet does not touch the food. If you eat, it starts vomiting and diarrhea. The disease affects the external structure of the skin. In cats, hair falls out and dandruff appears. But secondary gastroenteritis appears as a result of various diseases. If you can see that your pet is unwell, in this case you need to take it to the veterinarian as soon as possible. After a thorough examination, he will make the necessary diagnosis and prescribe a treatment of gastroenteritis in cats. Owners must comply with the measures and instructions of the doctor. If the diagnosis is confirmed, in this case, in any case, do not often need to feed the pet. Also in the food are added drugs that will help cure a pet. A few days later, the pet is watered with broth or serum.

All types of treatment have one target objective: to restore the gastric mucosa, to completely remove inflammation. When treatment fails, gastroenteritis provokes the development of an ulcer.