The fundus of the eye is the inner surface of the eyeball, which is visible during ophthalmoscopy.
Офтальмоскопия – это осмотр глазного дна при special lighting and magnification 4-16 times. To do this, there are ophthalmoscopes - special devices that are manual and hardware. The fundus of the eye, they can show in a direct or inverted image. And ophthalmoscopy is classified according to the same sign for direct and inverse. To get the full picture, the fundus is examined in various types of lighting: red, redless, yellow, blue, etc.
It is best to perform an ophthalmoscopy withenlarged, enlarged pupil. To do this, immediately before the procedure, the patient is instilled with special preparations (often atropine). But, if there is a suspicion of glaucoma, then the pupil is not dilated so as not to increase the intraocular pressure.
The usual procedure shows that the fundus isred color, the intensity of which depends on the content of the corresponding pigments (retinal and choroidal) in the retina and choroid.
On the surface of the fundus of the eye are clearly visible such elements:
- optic nerve disc (pale pink circle or oval with a small recess in the central part - vascular funnel. Located on the retina, slightly inside).
- central arteries and veins of the retina (leave the disc, are divided into upper and lower branches, then into smaller branches. At the same time, the arteries are lighter and more straight, and the veins are dark and branchy).
- yellow spot of the retina (located at the outer pole of the retina, the color is more dense and dark than that of the nerve, resembles an oval in shape, in the center of which there is a dark dimple).
Check the eye of the day allows to identifycertain pathological processes. They can occur due to damage to the optic nerve or the eye itself, as well as due to increased intracranial pressure (hypertension), diabetes, heart failure, hereditary diseases, various kinds of poisoning.
The most common pathologies of the fundus:
- congestive processes in the disk - occurs when various circulatory disorders, most often with arterial hypertension.
- pale disk - indicates the presence of atrophic processes
- A tumor in any part of the retina.
- Pathological development of the optic nerve.
- pathologies of the retina: impaired blood flow, inflammation, turbidity, dystrophy, hemorrhage, etc.
- choroid pathology: sclerosis, tumors, degeneration, inflammation.
- pathology due to sciatica or osteochondrosis.
Ophthalmoscopy is performed by an ophthalmologist, and diagnoses are made in conjunction with a neuropathologist or a neurosurgeon.
Why ophthalmoscopy
Checking the fundus allows you to accurately deliverdiagnosis of various visual impairments. The ophthalmologist examines the general condition of the retina, finds the causes of the visual impairment and can make a prediction whether there will be a progression in the disease. In addition, the condition of the eye of the day gives information about the state of the vessels, the presence of spasms, the features of the blood supply to the brain. This information is necessary for neurologists to detect increased intracranial pressure and other problems associated with the vessels.
With the help of ophthalmoscopy doctors can on timeidentify dangerous tumors. In this case, an additional consultation is prescribed to the neurosurgeon so that he can determine the methods of treatment and the need for surgery.
В любом случае, если ухудшилась острота зрения, white flies or dark dots fly before your eyes, your view has narrowed, you need not to delay time, but to ask for help. The earlier the causes of the disease are identified and the treatment prescribed, the greater the chances for a full recovery.
