Desna left the tooth: the causes and methods of treatment

Despite the prevalence of pathology - itsuffers from 2/3 of the population over the age of 40 (data of the American Dental Association) - very few people know what to do if the gum is moving away from the tooth, considering it something unimportant, passing by itself. And the loss of teeth with atrophy of the jawbone, which subsequently ends all, is considered inevitable age-related manifestations. How beautiful a snow-white smile can be saved to an advanced age, stopping this pathological process, read further in the article.

General view

Gum tissue is nothing more than alayer of skin over the bone tissue of the teeth of the upper and lower jaws. The condition, when the gum receded from the tooth, in dentistry is called the recession of the gum. K06.0 - the code of this disease in the international classification of diseases of the 10th revision (ICD-10).

Recession can be localized,when 1-2 teeth are affected, and can take a generalized form, extending to the entire jaw or simultaneously to both. The only cause of the disease is the demineralization of the bone tissue of the tooth. This reduces the volume and density of the bone. Diminishes also the surface area on which the gum is held. At a certain stage, it begins to move away from the tooth, forming a kind of pockets and gaps between the teeth.

Symptoms

The first signs of the disease become noticeable,when the disease is already at a sufficient level of its progression. Periodically arising, hardly appreciable painful sensations and a bleeding at cleaning of a teeth during the long period (some years), are replaced by steady displays gaining speed:

• the formation of pockets between the gum and the tooth;
• the gum falls and becomes mobile;
• redness and pain in the gums, which increase with mechanical action on them (eating, brushing teeth);
• due to the lowering of the gums, the teeth seem longer, the lumens between them are exposed at the bases;
• fetid smell from the mouth;
• increased sensitivity of teeth to chemicals from food (salt), to food temperature (painful reaction to cold or hot);
• mobility of teeth, loosening and subsequent loss of teeth.

Especially it is necessary to pay attention to the listed symptoms to people aged. Often, when the gum receded from the tooth, treatment of the underlying disease (osteoporosis) helps stop the recession.

Causes

The recession of the gum is not independentdisease, but acts as a complication of other diseases. There are five main reasons that the gum receded from the tooth due to the demineralization of the dental tissues:

1. Periodontitis is a progressive disease of the gums of an infectious nature.
2. Bruxism - grinding and curving teeth.
3. Osteoporosis is the general demineralization of the human skeleton.
4. Injury: maxillofacial.
5. Genetic predisposition.

There are other reasons that remain unclear. Their presence is indicated by the development of gum recession in the absence of the above five reasons.

Stages of

Classification of disease by degreesoffered by many foreign specialists in the field of dentistry and maxillofacial surgery (Mlinek, Sullivan, Smith, Makhadzhan, etc.). In our country, it is customary to adhere to the Miller classification, which divides the disease into four classes of severity:

1. Class I. The gingiva became inflamed and departed slightly from the tooth. The patient is periodically uncomfortable with eating, which "clings" to the gum exfoliation. Mucous membranes are not damaged.
2. Class II.Gum detachment reaches 5 mm, but the roots of the teeth are not yet exposed. Mucous membranes are mechanically damaged and inflamed. The patient experiences pain at every meal. Visually pathology is an unpleasant sight, becomes visible to others, causing the patient to experience psychological discomfort.
3. Class III.Pathology exposes the roots of the tooth, but not more than 50%. The patient experiences constant pain, even without eating. The degradation of bone tissue in the form of loss of its volume becomes visible: the gaps at the bases of the teeth.
4. Class IV. The gum has moved away from the tooth and the roots have become bare by more than 50%. The teeth begin to loose and cannot be treated.

Due to the pain and ugliness of the appearance of the teeth, it is rare for a patient to bring the disease to grade III and IV. Usually and most often in the second stage they go to a doctor.

Diagnostics

Accurately diagnosed - the key to the success of future treatment. For this purpose, two diagnostic methods are used: differential and instrumental.

Суть дифференциального метода заключается в eliminating many reasons why the gum moves away from the tooth and leaving the only correct answer. After examining the oral cavity, the doctor, visually determining the gum recession, interviews the patient, during which he tries to identify the presence of contributing factors:

• genetic predisposition;
• the presence of other diseases;
• smoking and its intensity, frequency;
• state of the immune system.

The instrumental method is to applysuch diagnostic methods as radiography, computed tomography. These are the most frequently used methods that have high diagnostic accuracy in determining the degree of demineralization of bone tissue and the degree of pathological changes in them.

Depending on the data collected, appropriate treatment is prescribed, and general recommendations are given to combat the disease.

Treatment

The etiology of gum recession (the reasons whythe gum moves away from the tooth) has not yet been precisely determined, therefore, the treatment of pathology does not always lead to the desired result. The fourth stage of the disease is always the basis for tooth extraction. The third stage sooner or later leads to this. The second stage is characterized by the fact that in most cases the tooth can be saved. At the first stage, timely treatment stops the pathology completely and leads the tooth to a normal state.

Early diagnosis of a recession is crucialvalue for timely medical intervention and successful treatment. If the tooth is still not loose, then it is advisable to use the following methods of surgical correction of defects:

• the elimination of microbial flora under the gum hardware cleaning of the teeth (in the case of infectious periodontitis);
• open curettage;
• skin transplantation to shelter a bare root;
• gum buildup using alloplast.

A surgical procedure is prescribed by a specialist on the basis of diagnostic data and depending on the progress of the disease.

Prevention

To prevent gum recession, the following rules must be followed:

• eliminate gum traumatic factors: hard toothbrush, overly hard food;
• regularly observe oral hygiene;
• sufficient calcium should be present in the diet;
• stop smoking;
• Undergo a medical examination every six months;
• if the gum has already moved away from the tooth, treatment should be started immediately with the implementation of the advice and recommendations of a specialist;
• get tested for osteoporosis.

Preventive measures must be observed especially carefully for those who have or have blood relatives with a similar disease.

Folk ways

Over the centuries, people have noticed healingproperties of certain plants, food, rituals. With the development of medicine, some of them have been proven, some have been refuted. There are several ways to use them when the gum has moved away from the tooth. Folk remedies do not contradict the canons of official medicine:

• if the gum has moved away from the tooth, it is useful to chew the plantain;
• gargling with decoctions of oak bark, calendula;
• rubbing in the gums of oils of fir, sea buckthorn;
• gymnastics to strengthen the teeth and gums in the form of chewing thin pine or oak branches;
• eating dairy products and rich in vitamin C (sauerkraut, apples, parsley).

Asking what to do if gummoving away from the tooth, first of all I must say that the choice must be made in favor of the dental clinic. Folk remedies can not replace the treatment of gum recession with a doctor, but will be a good help in the process of qualified treatment, concomitant therapy.