Any repair begins with the alignment of the walls, which can be produced in several ways. One of the most common - the treatment of walls with plaster mortar.
Plastering walls - this is a very complex process, requiring the master some skills and certain skills. The quality of the coating and its longevity depend on the proper application of the technology.
If you study the plastering technology and perform work in accordance with the instructions, then you can do everything yourself, without hiring specialists.
Before starting work, it is necessary to conductpreparation of walls: concrete and brick dust and primed. If the walls have previously been plastered, they should be checked for flowability, then also primed (can be a strengthening mortar).
All work must be carried out at the room temperature from 5 to 30 degrees Celsius and humidity of 60%.
Plastering of walls is carried out by cement-sand,lime-sand or gypsum solution. Works by the cement-sand mixture are carried out according to the classical technology, which consists of three consecutive stages: spraying of walls, soil and covering.
The first layer of the coating is a spray.The solution for applying this layer is kneaded with a creamy consistency. Plastering of brick walls (concrete or stone) implies the application of a layer with a thickness of about 5 mm, while working on a grid, the layer increases to 9 mm. Apply it by throwing a solution, using a trowel and a falcon. The solution applied to the walls is not leveled.
Ground - the second layer of the coating, for whichthe solution is kneaded with a thicker consistency than the first. This layer is applied in several steps until all surface irregularities are eliminated. This layer can either be thrown or smeared onto the surface with a half-wad or falcon. After this, it is required to level the surface with a half-hook. The plastering of the walls along the beacons requires that at this stage the layer of solution be located at the level of the protruding parts of the lighthouses.
The covering is the final third layer,which is applied thinly (2-4 mm) to eliminate surface defects. It is applied by spreading, then leveled with a rule or half-hook, guiding the instrument from the bottom up with slightly wavy movements.
Each subsequent layer of plaster must be appliedonly after the previous one has dried completely. To determine the degree of drying of the surface on it, it is enough to press with your finger - the material should not be creased and crumbled.
Do not forget to clean tools after each stage of work.
If you work with gypsum solution, then the technology will be slightly different. It is better in this case to conduct the plastering of walls on lighthouses.
Beacons are guides from the solution.At a distance of about 25 cm from the corner of the wall and ceiling, drive the nail so that the hat is about 20 mm. To it hang a plumb line. The next nail is driven in at a distance of 25 cm from the floor so that the cap touches the cord. This is the basis for the first lighthouse. Also drive nails in the next corner. Then cords are drawn between the nails to see if they touch the walls.
To the caps of vertical pairs of nails are appliedrule and fasten with nails, filling the void between it and the wall solution. After grasping the solution on the wall, the rule is removed, there is a lighthouse on the wall.
After installing the lighthouses, you need to wait a day, thenit is possible to apply a solution between them, applying the rule to the beacons and driving it from the bottom up. Apply the mortar layers. Each previous one is desirable to "comb" with a comb spatula, so that it is easier to apply the next one. Layers should not be made very thick so that the plaster does not drain. Plastering of walls is carried out on all surfaces, leveling is checked to ensure a perfectly even coating.
