At the dawn of the production of passenger cars GAZ and UAZ-31512Together with power units, carburettors of the K-126 series were installed. Later, these engines began to be equipped with elements of the K-151 series. These carburetors are manufactured by JSC "Pekar". In the process of their operation, both private car owners and enterprises faced certain difficulties in repair and maintenance. The fact is that the design of the carburetor K-151 was significantly different from the previous models. At the same time, information about the design features was very scarce.
Structurally, elements of the K-151 series are seriously different from all other domestic carburettors, although their nodes and some systems are designed on the basis of typical schemes.
The unit has two adjacent verticalchannel. They are necessary for the admission of oxygen. At the bottom of each channel is a throttle. Each of them is a carburetor camera. The drive on the throttle is designed in such a way that, as you press the pedal, one flap opens first and only then the other. The camera, whose shutter is opened earlier, is called primary.
In the middle of each of the passage channelsair there are special constrictions in the form of a cone. These are diffusers. What are these elements for? Due to them, a rarefaction effect is created, on the basis of which the fuel from the float is sucked into the system. The level of gasoline in the chamber necessary for the carburetor is maintained by means of a special mechanism with a needle valve and a float. We will describe this in more detail.
It should be noted that on the carburetors K-151 thisthe mechanism is fundamentally different from the same device in any other domestic units. In this regard, the owners are experiencing problems with maintenance. This is repeatedly confirmed by the reviews. By the way, this element was installed on old engines from ZMZ.
So, let's consider in more detail the carburetor K-151.The carburettor arrangement, repair, features are described below. The element is made up of three parts. The upper one is a housing cover equipped with a flange, and also studs for mounting an air filter with a ventilation device of the float chamber and with the elements of the starting system. The latter through seven screws is fixed on the body through a paper gasket.
In the carburetor device is the middle part. This is directly the body of the device, where the float mechanism, the chamber and the fuel supply fitting are integrated. Also included is a dosing system.
When the fuel chamber is smaller than necessary,The float goes down, thus freeing the needle. Due to this, a section is opened and gasoline is supplied. As the chamber fills up, the needle valve closes.
Along with the change in the fuel consumption through the needle valve, the supply of gasoline from the pump also automatically changes. This allows to exclude the increase in fuel pressure at the inlet to the unit.
The level of fuel is never saved - itvaries depending on the operating mode of the engine. So, the maximum level will be at idle. When working at full power, the level decreases slightly. This does not affect the efficiency of the device in any way, since it is necessarily taken into account during the adjustment of the dispensing system from the manufacturer.
What for the first carburetor chamber, what forsecond, the design of the dosing systems is the same. How is it arranged? Here there are main fuel jets that are installed in the bottom of the float chamber, and the main air jets. The latter are on the plane, at the top of the emulsion wells. Under the main air jets, emulsion tubes are also located.
On the carburetor K-151 it operates as followsway. Due to rarefaction in the area of the spray holes, the fuel through the main fuel jet rises along the emulsion well and gets to the holes in the emulsion tubes. Then, gasoline is picked up by air passing through the central tubes. So a fuel mixture is formed, which leaves through the side channels to the sprayers. Then all this will be mixed with the main airflow.
In addition to these basic elements, the carburetor alsoincludes other mechanisms. So, the idling system is designed to maintain stable engine operation at speeds up to 1,000 per minute. It consists of a bypass channel, adjustment screws, a fuel and air jet, an economizer valve.
Accelerating pump allows the carmove without failures and, if necessary, sharply accelerate. The system consists of valves in the main body, from a ball valve, as well as from a membrane mechanism and a sprayer. According to the principle of action, it resembles the work of a gasoline pump.
Econostat - a device that allows you to enrichfuel-air mixture at high engine speeds. Structurally, the element is an additional channel through which, through rarefaction during open throttle valves, the fuel enters the collector.
During operation, variousmalfunction. So, a frequent problem is high fuel consumption, black smoke from the exhaust pipe with sudden pressure on the gas pedal, unstable idle speed, bad dynamic characteristics, jerks and dips. In this case, the carburetor K-151 needs adjustment and repair.
Most often among the causes of breakdowns can be identifiedpoor-quality fuel. Because of this clogged jets, as well as air and fuel channels. In addition, due to high temperatures, the housing can be deformed. During operation, the jets are exposed to natural wear.
For those who are already familiar with the device of similaraggregates, it will be easy to service the K-151 carburetor. Its elements, disassembly and tuning in general are not much different from all other carburetors. To independently adjust the unit, it is enough to understand the principle and follow the instructions. There are several settings for this device.
So, the adjustment can be idle,air damper, fuel level in the float chamber and throttle position. Change the fuel level is only experienced masters, but adjust the idle can any car owner.
Step-by-step adjustment of the carburetor K-151 includesin itself several stages. So, you need to warm up the motor to operating temperatures, then let it run at idle with an open air damper. Next, twist the screws of quality and quantity and allow the engine to gain maximum revolutions. Then each screw is gradually screwed up until there are no interruptions in the engine operation.
Using the quantity screw, increase the speed.In this case, you need to catch a position when the engine's operation is stabilized. It is desirable that this screw is twisted as much as possible. Do not forget that this bolt also affects fuel consumption.
So, we found out what thecarburetor series K-151. Now it can be found only on the old Soviet cars and "Gazelles" of the 90s with the engine from the "Volga" ZMZ-402. Feedback from those who used it, speak of the unreliability of the unit. The most successful are Solex and Weber. The owners say that the K-151 requires constant adjustment and adjustment. In modern conditions it is not suitable for operation.
