The stern of the ship in marine terminology is calledThe term "yut" and is the back of the vessel. The bow end of the ship's hull ("tank") and the middle part ("waist") are designed to accommodate crew life support services, armaments, and sailors' places of rest free from watch. Stern on sea and ocean ships is a zone for placing the cabins of the captain and his assistants, in the aft part there is the engine room of the vessel, transfer shafts and propellers. There is also a steering wheel and all control mechanisms. In a separate stern room are the regalia, awards and ceremonial paraphernalia of the vessel.
Корма парусного корабля в XVIII-XIX веках It was distinguished by a rich design, exterior trim made of precious woods, a variety of balustrades and carved eaves. The interior of the forage premises also showed signs of luxury, the floors were carpeted, the walls and ceiling were paneled with polished mahogany. The stern of the ship is its main part in all respects.
UK shipbuilding firms thatfor a long time dominated the market of sailing ships, galleons, tea clippers, frigates and corvettes, tried to attract the customer exactly the high cost of decoration. It was considered prestigious to build a ship with provocatively luxurious cabins, while the nautical qualities of the ship were often relegated to second place. And since the stern of the ship was the most suitable place to place the attributes of luxury, all the attention of shipbuilders was drawn there. Especially expensive orders were fulfilled by the Scottish company Scott & Linton.
Nobody was embarrassed that expensive ships withluxurious cabins aft often sank, sometimes even with a slight storm. The sea did not forgive negligence in the calculations, high waves flooded the ship to the side, and it went under the water, along with gilded candelabra and heavy tableware of pure silver.
The most vivid example of how luxurydefeated common sense, is the death of the transatlantic ship "Titanic", which occurred in the spring of 1912. The ship was built at the shipyard of the shipbuilding company "Harland and Wolfe" in Belfast and at that time was the largest and most luxurious ship in the world. Mahogany, gilding, silk, art stained glass in first-class cabins, traditionally located in the stern of a huge ocean liner ... April 14, 1912, on the fourth day after the start of the journey, the Titanic collided with an iceberg and sank. Was it worth contrasting the luxury of the elements? There is still no answer to this question.
With the advent of screw propulsion ship feedbegan to change, the underwater part of the contour must meet the engineering requirements of hydrodynamics. The surface part of the stern also changed, became more strict, the baroque signs of luxury disappeared. Gradually, the entire rear of the ship turned into a command post, devoid of excesses, where marine equipment and navigation maps were concentrated.
Its shape depends on the shape of the stern of the vessel.maneuverability. The main part of the swivel mechanism, located at the stern, is the steering wheel. As a rule, it is a vertical plate with a rotation angle from 0 to 90 degrees. In this case, only 60 degrees of vertical tilt of the steering wheel are used, the remaining 30 degrees are in the dead zone and do not work. To effectively rotate the entire hull of a ship, boat or boat, streamlined stern at its lower level is necessary. If the calculation of feed lines is incorrect, the vessel will turn on its side and lose speed on the turn.
Sea battles in the XVIII-XIX centuries alwayspassed in the same way, each participant tried to protect the stern from hitting projectiles. The destruction of the stern threatened the ship with inevitable death, the ship went under water in a matter of minutes. And if he stayed afloat, he lost control, drifted, and in any case was doomed. Stern ship has always been the most vital part of it.
