Load-lifting equipment is not actively usedonly on the ground parts of our planet, but also on the water spaces, because the erection of various hydraulic structures necessarily requires the availability of special cranes, the construction of which, in turn, is fully adapted to work in the water sector. Floating cranes are machines that can solve the above tasks. Therefore, consider these aggregates in more detail.
Плавучие краны изначально ориентированы на construction of various bridges, ports, towers in the waters of the seas, rivers and oceans. Their carrying capacity can be from 10 to 100 tons. The unique design of these machines fully meets the main requirements put forward by the Maritime Register, namely: optimum strength, ideal buoyancy and stability.
Floating cranes are structurally:
Any floating crane can beis used either to perform loading and unloading operations in the port, or to perform assembly work. Of course, practically the main role will be played by the indicator of the carrying capacity of the unit. As for the degree of maneuverability, all these cranes can be both self-propelled (for example, floating crane ASPTR-1) and non-self-propelled. If it is planned that the crane will have to serve several ports at once or move to impressive distances, then in this case it will certainly be self-propelled (pontoons with ship-type contours are used).
Crane floating KPL was produced at the Kirov plant in St. Petersburg. The unit had two versions: hook and clamshell.
The machine is full-turning.The boom has a lattice structure and is connected to a mobile counterbalance of the balancing system by means of a hinge unit. At the moment of changing the boom out, the jib moves in the opposite direction with respect to it, which ensures the load is at the required height.
The floating crane KPL-5 has electric motorsalternating current, operating at a voltage of 220-380 V and having a power of 267 kW. The current generates a diesel generator set located on the shore or in the pontoon body. The type of control of the crane is electromechanical.
Rotating part of the crane with an arrow and alla set of rotary and other lifting mechanisms located on rollers, which, in turn, move along the crown mounted on the girder cage.
The crane itself is not self-propelled, and therefore its movement takes place with the help of winches.
To bring the crane into transport position, it is necessary to lower the boom and dismantle the mechanism for changing its departure. As a result, the height of the crane will decrease to 10 meters.
The crane is designed and used for workLoading and unloading character, because of what it has high speed of operations. The crane does not perform installation work due to its low load capacity, but it can be used as an auxiliary near a concrete plant for reloading cement from the water surface, unloading timber and other goods. If the mounted elements have a low weight, then the use of the crane for construction is allowed.
The self-propelled floating crane ASPTR-1 was built onShipyard "Krasnaya Kuznitsa", located in the city of Arkhangelsk, June 30, 1962. The vessel had a displacement of one thousand tons, a loading capacity of 15 tons, a length of 38 meters, a width of 13 meters, a height of 3.2 meters. This car was assigned in the port of Novorossiysk and belonged to the State Maritime Emergency and Rescue Coordination Service of the Russian Federation. Unfortunately, on October 12, 2016, during the laying of the underwater trunk pipeline, the crane went down, as a result of which it had to be towed to the shore. However, due to extremely adverse weather conditions, the car sank. On board were eight people.