What role in the language does the short form of adjectives

It is difficult to imagine Russian without an adjective. Denoting a sign of a subject, this part of speech makes human speech figurative and precise.

There are three categories of adjectives:qualitative, relative and possessive. Each of these groups has its own features and functions, which we will not dwell on in detail in this article. Let's talk in detail about such a grammatical feature as a form - full or short.

Brief forms of adjectives and their features

Собственно наличие «усечённого» варианта – это та "Litmus test", which determines the type of adjective. In possessive and relative this incarnation is not. In the form of a non-permanent morphological feature, it is present only in qualitative ones.

Today, the short form of adjectives, although it exists, but every year becomes less common.

Few people know that in the Proto-Slavic language adjectives were not complete at all.

forms, it was formed much later.Let us recall examples from oral folklore. Fairy tales, proverbs and sayings give us many such examples: “Mila is not white,” “beautiful girl,” “good fellows”, etc.

The short form of adjectives can be close bylexical meaning with full. They differ only in questions and endings. For example: children (what?) Obedient (poln.f.), children (what?) Are obedient (kr.f.)

But the short form of adjectives is sometimes different.from its full equivalent semantic nuance. Thus, the word “sick” indicates the present, and the “sick” indicates a more permanent feature. Sometimes the forms of the same word generally have different interpretations.

Compare:

• The weather has been clear for a week.
• The task became clear after talking with colleagues.

In the second case, we see an obvious metaphor that does not have a direct semantic parallel with the first word. Also, the short form of adjectives may indicate excessive manifestation of the feature:

• motley (colorful) parrot;
• clothes are motley (very bright, attracting attention).

Some words are generally used only in short form: “happy,” “ready,” “capable,” and so on. This is due to the fact that these lexemes have lost their semantic connection with their full analogues.

In contrast to adjectives in full form, short ones often specify a sign in connection with the circumstance of their manifestation:

• short haircut (can be any person);
• pants are short (specific person).

The syntactic role of short adjectives

In the sentence, the “truncated” form acts exclusively as a composite nominal predicate. If full adjectives can be practically any member of a sentence, there is only one short role:

Oak mighty (kr. - predicate)

The mighty (full. F. - definition) oak stands under the window.

The short form of an adjective can have a verbal link with it, which most often indicates time:

She was talkative. (past)

The wall will be strong. (bud.vr.)

As we see, the role of short adjectives in the languagebig enough. First, they can express both the lexical shades of the full form, and exist independently, denoting a separate concept. Secondly, the presence or possibility of the formation of this form indicates that we have a qualitative adjective. Thirdly, the syntactic role of such words is unambiguous - in the sentence they perform the function of a predicate.