The business procedure of any organization iscomplex cyclical process that requires a clear understanding. It is important to know not only the stages of production, but also to understand what the internal and external environment of the enterprise is, and also to determine their degree of influence on business entities.
Each organization has a complex process.in which all links and divisions of the subject of modern business are involved. The economic activity of the enterprise is the interaction between all components of production over the full cycle from the purchase of raw materials to the sale of goods to the consumer.
For successful business management, it is not enough to understand the mechanisms of interaction of the constituent elements, but it is also necessary to analyze the process both from the inside and the outside.
For the purpose of detailed and correct analysis,The company's economic activity is divided into several aspects, from which the main indicators are distinguished, which are used to track the dynamics of activity in different reporting periods.
Synthesizing techniques are often used.analysis: all indicators are combined into a single mechanism, and the relationship between them is monitored, the degree of influence on each other and the level of interdependence of factors among themselves are determined (for example, as indirect costs depend on gross income and, conversely, in the reporting period or the previous one).
Undoubtedly, the type of activity of the organization playsimportant role in the direct analysis procedure. It is impossible to evaluate by the same coefficients, for example, a hotel complex of a private type and a company producing cellophane packages with a state share in the capital.
Depending on the form of ownership, there areprivate and public enterprises. The latter species are distinguished by the fact that they have a part of state capital. The first are private and cooperative business entities.
In addition, the type of activity of the organizationaccording to the degree of entrepreneurship can be both commercial and non-commercial. In this case, the name speaks for itself - the latter do not make it their primary objective to make a profit as a result of their main activity and function rather according to the trade union, religious and stock foundations.
Also in the Russian legislation there isranking of organizations according to economic activities. This list is enclosed in the Single Classifier and is represented by groups that include about a hundred items.
The organization cannot function in isolation,according to the plans and tasks, without interfering with the factors affecting its activities. The reasons can be varied: weather conditions, the actions of competitors, the work of accounting, those or other actions of the staff of the recruitment department, etc.
Все эти события можно подвести под обособленное concept - the environment of the enterprise. Without it, no one entity can manage, and sometimes the environment can influence both positively and negatively, despite the abstract nature of its definition as such.
Suppose a person is late for work bythe reason that his car broke down - he was adversely affected by the external environment. But if he came early for the reason that he met an old friend and he gave him a lift, then there is a positive influence of the external environment.
A business entity is no exception - its activities can be affected by the internal and external environment of an enterprise in a positive or negative aspect.
So, we decided that any changes in the functioning of a business entity depend on factors influencing the production process.
However, it is not entirely correct to separate influencingindicators for purely internal and external environment of the enterprise, since each of them can be divided into several subgroups. So, for example, any sphere of activity can be divided according to the degree of influence, factors of distribution of forces and area of influence.
Any components that take place insideenterprises and somehow influence the economic process, are elements of the internal environment of the economic entity. This phenomenon is a completely manageable process and can be arbitrarily regulated by any managerial decisions, which together form the mechanism of interaction between technological and organizational engines.
Internal and external environment of the enterprise have a clear distinction between themselves in their components, so the elements of the first are:
These figures are not permanent,therefore, some of them may be missing from some business entities. All of the above elements can be combined and identify the factors of the internal environment of the enterprise:
The procedure for analyzing all of the above forcesallows the company to strengthen all its weaknesses and improve the strengths, which allows the business entity to gain greater resilience in the external market.
Let's look at the practical side of how changes in the internal environment can affect the business as a whole.
Suppose you have a little staffskilled but not enough to work quickly and efficiently. You, as a manager, organize advanced training courses aimed at the specifics of your enterprise.
As a result, the staffing of the coursereceives answers to many of his questions and now takes less time to perform his duties, because the employee does not spend his working time, asking for help from his colleagues, and thus diverting them from his work.
We reviewed the changes in the labor factor,let's try to change something in technological support. For example, replace the equipment with a newer one. Thus, we eliminate or minimize stagnation in production due to the breakdown of a mechanism. And this means that we no longer spend money on repairs of fixed assets, thereby affecting the economic factor, changing indirect costs for capital investments.
Since we are talking about technological support, let's look at the production environment of the enterprise in more detail, as one of the main components of the internal.
Every manager should take the greatest responsibility for product planning, since this component is, although not permanent, but one of the most long-term ones.
The production environment of the enterprise includes the following components:
Each area of the sphere responsible for the output must be equipped in such a way that it can serve the enterprise for many years.
Any environment beyond the subjectmanagement, which in any way affects its activities, even indirectly, is called the external environment of the enterprise. At the same time, it has macro and micro influences. The former are indirect driving forces, and the latter are based on activities directly related to the enterprise of other entities.
The main factors of the external environment of the enterprise:
So, we can say that the external environment of an enterprise is in no way subservient to managerial decisions and can influence a business entity chaotically, without a clear algorithm and direction vector.
Let's take an example to imagine how the external environmentactivity of the enterprise affects the business entity in the demographic aspect. Suppose there is a corporation that has been producing products for newborns for several decades, while in recent years the average birth rate has decreased by 20%.
Roughly speaking, entrepreneurs will have to adapt to the demography and slightly reduce the volume (if, of course, during these most reporting years they have failed to enter the foreign market).
Consider how a natural factor can affect a business entity. For example, a hurricane, a storm warning - and the supply of raw materials fail due to adverse weather conditions.
Institutional indicator is manifested in practiceunder the guise of government regulations, changes in legislation and taxation process. Jumps in exchange rates constitute an economic factor, in which the competitive environment of an enterprise also plays an important role, with which, by the way, a producer can fight a little bit.
It is known that competition is a process of rivalry, which may be due to the release of the same goods sold in the same geographical framework.
Competitive environment can be fought by varyingsome indicators of your business. For example, pricing. The cost of goods is one of the indicators that directly affect the choice of the buyer. Therefore, the lower it is - the higher the demand.
However, do not forget about the quality of products.Often unscrupulous manufacturers sacrifice quality for the sake of lowering the price threshold. To reduce the cost of goods can be in other ways: for example, to reduce the cost of delivery or to automate the production process, thereby reducing the direct production costs.
