On modern production, unfortunately, notcosts without accidents. However, there are special instructions, the observance of which allows you to prevent disasters. Consider further the basic rules of industrial safety.
General information
In 1993, the International Labor Organization wasdeveloped a convention on the prevention of major accidents in industrial plants and recommendations for their prevention. The obligation to work to prevent catastrophes in Russia is regulated by Federal Law No. 116 of July 21, 1997. Its provisions establish the basic norms of industrial safety.
Classification
According to art. 2 of this law, enterprises or their workshops, sites, sites, and other premises are recognized as hazardous production facilities, where:
- Осуществляется получение, переработка, use, creation, transportation, storage and destruction of harmful substances in certain quantities. These include toxic, explosive, flammable, oxidizing, flammable and other compounds.
- The equipment is used, whose work is carried out under a pressure of more than 0.7 MPa or at a temperature of heating water more than 115 degrees.
- Lifting mechanisms installed permanently, as well as funiculars, cable cars, escalators are used.
- Receive melts of non-ferrous and ferrous metals and alloys based on them.
- Conducted mining, mineral processing, as well as activities in underground conditions.
It should be said that in institutions that do notassociated with industry, the most common are such production facilities as lifting mechanisms, equipment operating under pressure, elevators and other hazardous structures.
Normative base
Industrial Safety HazardousProduction facilities include measures to prevent accidents and incidents. The latter concept means damage or failure of technical units, deviation from the process. An incident is considered a violation of security requirements. Legal regulation in this area, as mentioned above, is carried out by the provisions of Federal Law No. 116. In addition, industrial safety rules are contained in other regulatory acts of the industry. If there are other provisions in the international treaty of the Russian Federation, in practice higher world standards are applicable.
The provisions of the law apply toall organizations that carry out activities in this area, regardless of their form of ownership. Other regulations that mention industrial safety requirements are primarily documents approved for the economic, organizational, legal and other enforcement of the provisions of the law.
General events
Industrial safety and labor protectionprovide for certain responsibilities for entities involved in the industry. First of all, they include organizations that operate the production facilities.
Operating organizations
Enterprises using production facilities that are hazardous must:
- Have permits (license) for the use of space.
- Provide staffing of specialists who are involved in an industrial enterprise, according to the established requirements.
- Admit to work persons with relevant qualifications, no medical restrictions or contraindications to the implementation of activities.
- Provide timely and complete training and certification of specialists in the field of industrial safety.
- Organize and monitor compliance with the instructions and recommendations established by law.
- Have regulations and technical documentation governing activities at a hazardous production facility.
- Ensure the availability and operation of control devices and systems.
Preventive measures
Industrial safety and labor protection includein itself certain activities, the implementation of which allows you to prevent or reduce the likelihood of disasters. These works include:
- Providing expertise of buildings, conductingdiagnostics, tests, surveys of technical devices and structures used in the work. For these activities, certain deadlines and procedures are established. The examination is carried out according to the instructions of the federal executive body that supervises the area in question, or its territorial division.
- Preventing intruders from entering an object that is dangerous.
- Ensuring compliance with instructions for the storage of substances.
- Development of industrial safety declaration.
- Conclusion of contracts of insurance of risks of liability for causing damage during the operation of a production facility that is dangerous.
- Execution of instructions and ordersthe federal executive body for control in the considered area, its territorial divisions and officials, given in accordance with the authorities.
Elimination of
Industrial safety of hazardous facilities includes disaster mitigation measures. In particular, the law prescribes:
- Suspend business activitiesindependently or by order of the federal executive body for control, its territorial divisions and officials in the event of emergency situations, the discovery of new circumstances affecting the level of risk.
- To carry out measures to eliminate and localize the consequences of disasters at facilities, to assist government agencies in investigating the causes of emergencies.
- Participate in the technical identification of the factors that caused the accident, take measures to eliminate them and the subsequent prevention of situations.
- Осуществлять своевременное информирование population, territorial administration authorities, supervisory instances and other organizations authorized in the field of industrial safety about the disaster at the enterprise.
- Take the necessary measures to ensure the protection of health and life of specialists in an accident.
- Provide to the federal executive bodyon the control or in its territorial subdivision information on the number of incidents and accidents, on the reasons for their occurrence, as well as on the measures taken to eliminate the consequences and prevent repeated emergencies.
Industrial safety of production facilities: duties of employees
Employees of these enterprises should:
- Follow the instructions and regulations,stipulated in legal acts and regulatory technical documentation, which set the standards for the conduct of work, procedures in the event of an incident or accident.
- Pass certification and training in the field of industrial safety.
- To notify the immediate superior or other officials in the prescribed manner about the incident or accident.
- Suspend work in case of emergency.
- To take part in the implementation of measures to eliminate the disaster at a hazardous industrial facility.
Business leaders are required to take all measures stipulated by law to maintain staff compliance with the schedule approved in accordance with instructions and recommendations.
Qualification requirements
Industrial safety hazardousProduction facilities include timely training and retraining of staff. Qualification requirements for specialists are established by the provisions of the job descriptions, as well as tariff-qualifying reference books. Industrial safety of hazardous industrial facilities presupposes that workers have special skills and special knowledge. In this regard, certain rules are established for certain categories of professionals involved in a particular industry. The instructions, in accordance with which industrial safety of hazardous industrial facilities is ensured, are approved by the provisions adopted by Rostechnadzor.
Finally
Промышленная безопасность опасных промышленных facilities includes not only directly measures to protect the population and employees of the enterprise, localize and eliminate the consequences of disasters, but also develop and approve special programs aimed at protecting property and people's health. Specialists should be trained in the actions that must be performed when an emergency occurs. Industrial safety of hazardous industrial facilities provides for training in conjunction with the certification of employees.
