Today, China remains the mostdensely populated country of the world. This is confirmed by independent demographic statistics. According to the research, every fifth person on the planet is Chinese. It would seem that questions of demography in this country should not stand. But in practice it is not. The government should address issues of social welfare of its citizens, and given their number, it is not so easy to do. In this regard, China is seriously engaged in fertility planning.
Everyone knows that the Chinese are the most numerous.nation on earth. However, the exact figure is quite difficult to call. Official data on the PRC claim that the population of China is more than one and a half billion citizens. But no one can say that this is true, since a full census of the population has never been conducted here.
Изначально было решено проводить этот процесс по every yard. In the past, people were counted on the fact of salt ingestion per household, or taking into account postal money transfers. Since then, China's demographic policy has changed. About what it led to, and find out further.
After the fall of the Empire, the population corresponded only four times:
Not all territories are settled in the PRC. Due to the diverse climatic zones, multifaceted Chinese nature, overpopulated and desert areas appeared.
В основном люди расселялись на равнинах, возле seas. The population prefers to have constant access to water, and therefore, to settle in places where there are streams or rivers. China's economy is still heavily dependent on agriculture. Therefore, the state continues to promote the creation of farms and public fields. And this is only possible on fertile soils.
The main occupations of the peasants were fishing andrice cultivation. Both require active interaction with water resources. So the deltas of the main rivers Zhujiang and Yangtze are even overpopulated. The south of the Chinese Great Plain and the Sichuan depression also became the locations of megacities. The number of China in these places exceeds a billion people.
Китайская Республика долгое время проводила policies involving only one child in the family. Preference was given to boys. In order to reduce the birth rate, a family in which there were more children than allowed was fined, which determined the laws of China.
As for the sex ratio, today 51.6% of the population are men. Moreover, this figure is increasing from year to year. But China's demographic policy was not always so harsh.
The Republic of China is considered one of the mostactively developing countries. It is characterized by the processes of formation of the economy, a change in the political course and the transition to high-tech production processes. The main task in this situation, according to the decision of the authorities, is birth restriction. What is the reason? The answer is simple: China’s economy is simply unable to feed such a large number of citizens.
That is why, since the mid-sixties of the last century, the PRC has restricted population growth by imposing bans on the number of children in one family.
At first, it was possible to have three siblings. But over time, the law limited the rules to two. And a little later, families with one baby became relevant.
On the streets of the People's Republic of China you can find advertising signs such as “One child is a concern for the future” or “Give birth to one” and the like.
The government is thinking about activelyimplement a program for planning a future family. The Chinese are an example of the fact that people who have only one child can afford to provide him with a decent future, dress him, put shoes on him, and give him what he deserves.
Such agitation in cities with a large number of inhabitants had a positive effect. Couples try to limit themselves in the number of children. The authorities encourage law-abiding citizens.
Those with just one baby,certain benefits are provided. So, they can get housing in the first place, arrange a child for free in kindergarten, give him education at the best university. Children from the countryside are given large plots of land.
Such a demographic policy of China has brought positive results. Population growth was stopped. However, hunger contributed to this factor.
The first reforms that Mao Zedong carried out caused an unprecedented economic downturn, and as a result, in three years, from 1959 to 1961, according to various estimates, about 16,000,000 people died.
The decrease in population during the GreatChinese hunger bore fruit. Now China’s demographic policy is aimed only at preventing spontaneous population growth. In the Republic of China, a couple who had two children should refuse to receive the bonus for one child and refund everything that the state paid them earlier. Also this family will be fined extra. They will be required to pay an amount that, depending on salary and place of residence, will be from a couple of hundred to a couple of thousand Chinese yuan.
The authorities of the country are sure that the most deliberateis a marriage that is in adulthood. In China, the time allowed for marriage was increased. So, girls can tie themselves ties Hymen only twenty years. Guys are allowed to marry only after the age of 22.
However, those young people who are still studyinghigh school, can not marry. The administration often excludes such students for such a rash act. But despite this, in recent years, boys and girls more often think about the wedding at a young age. The ancient custom is becoming popular again. Characteristics of China would be incomplete, if you do not stop at this point in more detail.
Traditions continue to play an important role inthe life of this nation. Despite all the efforts of modern politicians to make the state renewed, medieval rituals are still kept in some villages and settlements.
Even in the capital of China, Beijing, until recently aboutthe marriage was negotiated by the parents of the bride and groom. It was mother and father who chose for their child a suitable partner for life. To reject the candidate’s elder relatives agreed at the council was to reject the whole family.
But lately the situation has begun to change.Girls and boys themselves prefer to look for a couple. Moreover, representatives of the beautiful half of humanity often take a leading position in this process.
As for divorces, the statistics in China onit is small In Western countries, marriage is dissolved ten times more often. Nevertheless, in the Celestial Empire they think about the problem that has arisen with the increased number of divorces.
The territory of China is quite extensive.Many different ethnic groups live here. For them are completely different rules. They can have as many children as possible. They do not apply for benefits. In addition, since the territory of China is quite extensive, many indigenous people tend to move from large cities to calmer and less populated regions. Therefore, there is a pronounced migration of the population within the country.
Due to the decline in population,Chinese in the modern world began to suffer from the problems caused by such a policy. So, the population does not have the proper balance between the birth and dying generation. As a result, in the People’s Republic of China, the number of pensioners significantly exceeds the number of young people.
In 2000according to official estimates of social institutions, it turned out that, on average, the inhabitants of the country live for 71 years. More than ninety million Chinese have already reached the age of 65. They are in the country 7%.
Now the state is trying to pay attentionall citizens that the problem of the older generation is only increasing. It exists, and no one is able to solve it yet. Very soon, the country's losses in the payment of pensions, material support, the issuance of free medicines to old people will exceed the earnings of young Chinese who go to the treasury.
On the other hand, China’s policy is aimed atso that in the next 20 years it was possible to further reduce the population. According to experts, China will soon overtake other countries in all social indicators.
However, most believe that the futureChina has been threatened. Replaced martial, open to any task to children from large families came effeminate loners, who can not cope even with basic tasks.
Growing up with parents is the only favoriteChinese continues to take care of elders on the most insignificant issues. In some of them, selfishness is too strong to do the right thing, to make some sacrifices for the good of the nation and to think about someone other than himself. Traditions that would teach how to raise one child are not yet worked out in China.
The press is full of headlines about how childrenventure on too selfish deeds that can usually shock people from other countries. Moms and fathers indulge their children, helping to brush their teeth, tie shoelaces, take a shower for up to ten years. As a result, they can not even get dressed without help.
Parents become hyper-caring.They plan the whole life of their child. Often, without asking the opinion of a son or daughter, they are given to study for those specialties that are highly valued in China. It does not take into account the level of abilities of the future student, his hobby, inclination to the subject.
Родители стараются устроить ребенка в жизни.According to traditional Chinese families, the boy brings happiness to the house, and with the birth of a girl it ends. A man can usually stay with her parents while the woman goes to her husband’s house. In the village family they also try to give birth to a boy so that he will help more on the field.
All this makes politicians think seriously.The territory of China is far from fully developed. There is a need to colonize the desert regions. It is possible that in the near future this fact will be the reason for a local change in demographic policy.
The peculiar demographic policy of China andcertain attitudes and prejudices in society lead to the fact that young women get rid of pregnancy, if the ultrasound shows that a girl may appear. Often, the bodies of newborn babies are found in the garbage cans on the street, buried in the ground.
The state forbids killing children. However, it also imposes a penalty for having a second child. In this light, it becomes quite understandable why women in the PRC dare to do such horrors.
Such features of China give scientists an excuseto assert that if the number of children born does not increase until 2050, the main part of the country's population will be pensioners aged from fifty to ninety years.
