Animals of the Urals. The Red Data Book of the Urals

This article will cover a magnificent mountain region located on the border of Asia and Europe. Its territory extends from the southern steppes to the northern tundra. This is the Urals.

Recently, people as a result of largescale of their economic activities caused great damage to the nature of these places. In connection with the disappearance and reduction of many species of biological species, the Red Book of the Urals was created, animals and plants were carefully recorded. We'll talk about this below.

Geographical position of the Urals

The large Ural zone includes the Sverdlovsk, Perm, Chelyabinsk and Orenburg regions, as well as Bashkiria, Udmurtia and part of the adjacent districts of the Komi Republic.

The Ural range is quite accessible and convenient for itsthe development of a variety of species of animals from different parts of the vast territory of Russia. This is due to the relatively underdeveloped mountain terrain.

Plants and animals of the Urals are quite mixed.

Nature of the Urals

The Ural territory underwent great changes under the influence of the Khoz. human activity.

Drainage of numerous bogs, deforestation,disturbances and changes in the soil layer in mining, severe pollution of rivers - all this had a negative impact on the composition of the flora and fauna of the Urals.

Ural Animals: Species

Here live some animals of Europeanspecies: mink, forest marten, hare, forest polecat, yellow-necked mouse, small and garden sony in the eastern part of the region. On the west - chipmunk, sable, speakers, etc. (Siberian species).

In total, 5 sites are allocated in the Urals (zoogeographical zoning).

1. The forest site is located in the Middle Urals (thisthe largest part). 54 species of animals represent the fauna of this area. There are many martens, European mink, very few roe deers, columns and reindeers, no sables. There are hares, hares, field mice, common vole and choruses. The Ural animals of this site represent the most part of forest species of the whole mountainous territory.
2. The Severouralsk (forest) area is locatedeast to the Ob. It is also mainly represented by forest species (total 47). It is enough in these places sables, chipmunks, columns, red Siberian voles. There are few moles in these places and there are absolutely no martens of woods, mink, badgers, hedgehogs, field mice, hares, voles and even ordinary hamsters.
3. The Middle Trans-Urals extends from the eastern mountains to theTobol and the Irtysh. It belongs to the medium-Ural region, in which 51 species reside. These are mainly hedgehogs, field mice, voles, forest martens, European mink and so on.
4. From the taiga forests to the southern steppes stands outThe pre-Urals plot (forest-steppe), which has 58 species on its territories. The animals of the Urals of this site are very diverse, among which there are both forest dwellers and steppes. These are squirrels, martens, lynxes, moose, ground squirrels, marmots, steppe mice, jerboas, steppe variegates, hamsters and so on.
5. And the last site is the Trans-Ural (forest-steppe),Located between Tobol and the foothills of the Urals. Here, 50 species have found their place, among which are squirrels, ground squirrel, chipmunk, jerboa, Eversmann hamster, variegated, steppe grasshopper, snapper and many others. other

The Red Book of the Urals (animals and plants)

The publication of such an important book for this region of Russia in recent years has been a huge and urgent necessity.

It should be noted that the Red Book originallywas published at the level of individual regions that are located within the Urals. The first appeared in the Chelyabinsk region in 2006, and in 2008 similar publications were published in the Sverdlovsk and Perm regions.

2015 is the year of publication of the Red Data Book of the Urals, which includes the latest data on rare and already endangered species of flora and fauna of the region.

Categories

The animals of the Ural Red Book are divided into 6 categories of the degree of danger of their extinction:

• zero, which includes animals that are almost not found in the wild nature of these places: river beaver, northern deer and tarpan;
• The first includes endangered animals: desman, saigas, maral (they live only in reserves);
• the second category - animals with a constantly decreasing number: mink and otter;
• the third category - animals living in rather limited spaces: flying squirrels, jerboas large, lemmings and hamsters;
• The fourth and fifth categories include the mostnumerous species of animals: steppe pikas, brown ushany, bicolored leather, batts of Natusius, bat-dwarfs, red evening maidens, hamsters gray and Dzungarian, etc.

Not only the animals of the Urals tend toreduction and disappearance, which are listed in the Red Data Book of the Urals, but also 136 species of plants. This includes 40 species of endemic plants that grow only in the Ural Mountains.

Conclusion

Everything created by generous nature requirestremulous and careful attitude. Responsibility and great concern for the conservation of vegetation and the animal world, wherever it is, lie entirely on man.